Harveys brew - Emphasis

Harveys brew Harveys brew A Sussex-based brewery has upset fans of punctuation with its inconsistent use of apostrophes. Apostrophe Protection Society member Jonathan Cook has taken to Facebook to campaign for Harveys Brewery to sort out its style. While the brewery usually omits the apostrophe from its brand name, Cook was apparently incensed after seeing the apostrophe suddenly included on beer pumps for Harveys Best Bitter at a Hove pub. (One can only imagine the internal turmoil he suffered, torn between a desire for consistency and for accuracy.) According to the marketing boss at Harveys, Bill Inman, the name should be naked of punctuation, and the brewery takes no responsibility for errant apostrophes or vigilante pump-makers. There is no apostrophe in Harveys, he told The Argus. If one appears on a pump somewhere it is without official sanction and I want to see the evidence. In fact, the inconsistency is in evidence on Harveys own site, where the name on the Christmas ale label includes an apostrophe. Mind you, that might be a simple error that has something to do with the beer having an alcohol content of 8.1 per cent.

Spanish Verbs of Happiness

Spanish Verbs of Happiness You dont always have to use an adjective such as feliz or alegre to refer to someone being happy or becoming happy. Various verbs can be used for that purpose as well. Spanish Words That Mean Love Alegrar is the most common verb of happiness. It can be used simply to mean to make happy, or in the reflexive form of alegrarse it can be used for to be happy or to become happy. In translation, you can use other English words such as joyful, cheerful or pleased, depending on the context. Me alegro de haberlo comprado. I am happy to have bought it.Creà ­a que te alegrarà ­as de verme. I thought you would be happy to see me.Es algo que te alegrar la tarde. Its something to make your afternoon happy. (Literally, it is something that will make the afternoon happy for you.)Lo à ºnico que le alegraba los lunes era el hecho que era el dà ­a de ir a comprar provisiones de chocolate para toda la semana. The only thing that cheered him up on Mondays was the fact that it was the day of going shopping for the weeks chocolate supply.No me alegra la muerte de un ser humano. The death of a human being doesnt make me happy. Contentar, obviously a cognate of the word content, can be used in much the same way. It often carries the idea of satisfaction. Cuando te veo me contento. When I see you Im content.Los administradores se contentaban con dedicar a sus clientes una mà ­nima cantidad de tiempo. The administrators were content to devote a minimum amount of time to their clients.No nos contentemos con lo que tenemos. Lets not be satisfied with what we have.No serà ­a extraà ±o para nadie que los resultados contenten a Chvez. It wouldnt seem strange to anyone for Chvez to be happy with the outcome. Deleitar, a cognate of to delight, typically has that meaning: Ella me deleità ³ con su artà ­culo sobre nuestros miedos. She delighted me with her article about our fears.En primavera te deleito, en verano te refresco, en otoà ±o te alimento, y en invierno te caliento.  ¿Quà © soy? (Un rbol.) In spring I delight you, in summer I refresh you, in fall I feed you and in winter I keep you warm. What am I? (A tree.) Alborozar is an uncommon verb that has a connotation similar to to delight or to excite: Alborozas cada cà ©lula de mi ser. You thrill each cell of my being.Se alborozaron con la idea de tener su apartamento propio. They were excited about the idea of having their own apartment. Placer, related to the English word please, suggests the giving of pleasure. Me place decir que tengo dos. It pleases me to say I have two.El recià ©n inaugurado museo tiene dos aspectos que me placieron. The recently inaugurated museum has two aspects that pleased me. Felicitar is derived from feliz and is included here for that reason. It typically means to wish someone happiness and is often translated as to congratulate. Me felicitaron por la seleccià ³n del hotel. They congratulated me for the hotel selection.

Appling the EMH evaluate the role that government played in economic Essay

Appling the EMH evaluate the role that government played in economic recovery using recent real-life examples - Essay Example Aim and objectives of the study The theme around which the discussion will tend to revolve is of efficient market hypothesis under the intervention of the government. The hit of the financial crisis has left many countries under the scanner and so the usefulness of the study cannot be underestimated. Enormous scope of the study is waiting in the background as it is extremely important to understand or analyze the intervention of the government in detailed manner in this volatile scenario. The study will take into consideration or will try to consider the various policies of the government which will determine the scope of legislation on efficiencies of the market in the near future. The present times has witnessed gradual instability in the market due to the imposition of the different market policies of the government and would provide an opportunity of learning in the current scenario. Efficient market hypothesis The efficient market hypothesis implies that if any new form of information is available in the market the share price of the company will move accordingly and the movement of the price will be rational according to the information available in the market. In this type of market no trader will have an opportunity to earn profits which is above the normal level on the return from a share greater than the fair return from the associated risk. The chance of absence of normal profits arises as the past or the future information is reflected in the current prices of the shares. The availability of new information in the market has the ability to affect the prices of the shares (Palan, 2007, p. 3). ... icient market hypothesis implies that if any new form of information is available in the market the share price of the company will move accordingly and the movement of the price will be rational according to the information available in the market. In this type of market no trader will have an opportunity to earn profits which is above the normal level on the return from a share greater than the fair return from the associated risk. The chance of absence of normal profits arises as the past or the future information is reflected in the current prices of the shares. The availability of new information in the market has the ability to affect the prices of the shares (Palan, 2007, p. 3). The hypothesis is concerned in analysing the conditions under which an investor can earn abnormal profits from investing in a stock. It claims that the relevant information is reflected in the stock price. It states that abnormal returns cannot be availed with only public information. People are of the opinion that efficiency means that it is not possible to outperform the market at a certain point of time. It can be expected that under certain points of time the prices will deviate from the fair value as it majorly depends on the unpredictable future. It does not mean that an investor will not be able to beat the market scenario at any time. In the market which is efficient one half of the purchased shares subsequently outperform as the process tend to deviate randomly (Harder, 2010, p.7). Adoption of particular investment strategy in the long run can contribute to beat the market situation. It may be possible to find few investors who have beaten up the market scenario in a completely efficient market with price deviating from the true value. The laws of probability have the central

Environmental science Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental science Lab - Essay Example For instance, the journal experience on good use and recycling of materials has influenced the way I utilize available resources. Shopping habits have changed for the better and I have developed the discipline of shopping the necessary and important things. More notably, I have changed the way I utilize natural resources especially nonrenewable resources. I have gained profoundly from the journal experiences and I have observed many changes in my daily life. I have come to realize that our individual contribution towards the environment can have a remarkable impact. Undeniably, meaningful and positive change in the environment can only be realized when the individuals who understand environmental issues influence the rest of the population. Each one of us should be an environmental ambassador. Simply put, the journal experiences have taught me to be a more responsible global citizen especially when it comes to environmental conservation. Each step of the journal experiences was enjoy able. It fills me with gratification knowing that my contribution towards the environment is greatly

The Way of the Shepherd Essay Example for Free

The Way of the Shepherd Essay Regulatory Bodies Checkpoint Basically, a regulatory body is a tiered system put in place to protect investors and banks from cons and scams. It helps to prevent fraud and punishes offenders for things such as insider trading. At the top of this regulatory structure is the United States Congress which is itself the in charge of the SEC or Securities Exchange Commission, this body puts regulations and laws in place which banks, brokers, investors and the Marketplace must abide by, it also oversees all operations and releases quarterly and annual reports on the health and direction of the market and conomy. Next is the NASD or the National Association of Securities Dealers, this is the body that makes policy for the industry i. e. , stockbrokers and industry professionals must abide by and comply with. Last is regulation on the state level is the state security regulators which also handles complaints and enforces laws and finally the individual brokers and investors. The market is set up is a buyer beware system, though there is a fair amount of safety measures in place. Individuals should maintain an air of personal responsibility when investing and educate themselves; his is the biggest regulatory safety practice of them all. The laws are mainly in place to protect the banks not the individual. It is important to have these institutional organizations in place to keep the market honest or else it could be a free for all. Though I have learned that investing in stocks and bonds is a risky business and should not be a hobby for the inexperienced, much money can be lost in the blink of an eye and only money that one can afford to lose should be invested. The Way of the Shepherd By maweex Lloyd G. Hernandez MA 302 Two thumbs up for this wonderfully written book. This is a guide not Just for wannabe managers but for everyone: down from students to ordinary people. This is I think could be a guide for a better way to live and interact with people around us. I really had a very good time reading the book and will be reading this one over and over again. The book is very easy to understand. The summary of the book will lead to the 7 Principles of the Way of the Shepherd: 1 . Know the Condition of Your Flock In here the book suggested that to be an effective leader/manager, it is elementary to know the condition of your people and the status of their work. You get o know them one by one and regularly talk to them. You should always be open to what they say and often ask them on the status of their work and even their life if they want to talk about it. 2. Discover the Shape of Your Sheep The 2nd principle teaches us that it is a leader/managers prerogative to choose the right staff/people for his group. A manager has all the chance to take in good people and let go of those who are not fit and undoubtedly very hard to manage to make flock management easier. 3. Help Your Sheep Identify with You The 3rd principle teaches us that an effective leader must always ask from is people the best from them but at the same time showing them that you also is giving the best you can offer. A leader should be a good example not Just in words but also in actions. A good manager always reminds their people that without them they cannot do anything. A manager sets good example and does this with compassion because according to the author, great leadership isnt Just professional; its personal. 4. Make Your Pasture a Safe Place The 4th principle suggests that a leader/manager should always see to it that their people are in good hands. Always feed them information either bad or good. It is important that they hear it from their leader first rather than from others mouth. A leader should treat equal importance to all employees of whatever position they handle and is ready to remove someone who might cause disaster to the group. A good leader is someone who is visible to their people most of the times and is regularly rotating their people for them to be able to mentally enhanced their 5. The Staff of Direction The 5th principle teaches us that to become a good leader/manager, directing people with persuasion rather than coercion is very essential. A good leader ives freedom to their men but always instill in their minds the boundaries and limits to where there freedom is only up to. A good leader gets in the way when their people gets in trouble and reminds them that failure isnt fatal after all. 6. The Rod of Correction The 6th principle teaches us that to be a good leader/manager it should always be in a leaders mind and heart to Protect, Correct and inspect their men. A good leader fghts for their men against attacks from other men but corrects them privately if they found it that it was their mens fault. An efficient leader also sees to it hat he knows the progress of their men and how they are doing in their works. . The Heart of the Shepherd The last principle could probably be the very important. The author suggested that great leadership is a lifestyle, not a technique. Great leadership always involves the heart of the leader/manager. A great leader always sees to it that what he asks from their men are for everyones good. A good leader asks for something that is Just appropriate for the team. A good leader uses his heart to guide the people around him and makes sure that they are all in good position at all times.

The Symbol of the South :: essays papers

The Symbol of the South The battle flag of the South stands above the capitol building in Columbia, SC. It waves proudly, echoing the lives and blood of men who sacrificed everything they were, and everything they had for something they believed in. They fought valliantly and bravely to protect their homeland, and to gain independence of the Union. The flag stands there, not as a symbol of hate, racial inequality, or blood-thirsty war, but as a symbol reflecting the rich South and the men who gave everything for it. Black and white, Indian, Irish and English, so many fought in the war. Blacks stood, shoulder to shoulder, with white men. Their blood is embedded as deeply as any white man's in the flag of the Confederacy. We all bleed red, the blood of many races were mingled on those ghostly battlefields when the smoke cleared. Removing the flag from where it has stood for over 60 years would be like saying that all of those men had given their lives for naught. Perhaps it would not have been best for the South to have won the war, but we should respect and uphold the men who fought so bravely for their cause. The mistaken idea that the Civil War was about slavery is one of the many causes that the flag's right to be above the capitol is questioned. This mistaken idea often causes problems between the races of this state. Slavery was wrong. I would never try to justify it, because it can not be justified. It was simply wrong, God made us all equal. A human being was never intended to be treated like an animal, animals even were not meant to be treated like slaves. Slavery is a sensitive area, but the flag does not reflect this. The war was about the South's right to make it's own laws, and to be free from the Union. There were many Black soldiers there in the Confederacy of their own will. They loved the South just as any white man. The flag means to harm to black people; it is there representing many lives of blacks who died in the war as well! Most of the white men who fought in the war did not even own slaves. The very high majority were not slave owners at all.

Advantages of Rainwater Harvesting in a Modern World

Professor Renville English I 14 September 2012 The Advantages of Rainwater Harvesting in a Modern World Picture yourself on a hot summer day†¦is water involved? Does your damp skin feel the cooling effect of a light breeze? Maybe you’re thirsty and sipping on a glass of lemonade, ice cubes bobbing at the surface. Perhaps you are at the beach, listening to the waves crash onto the shore, or you’re in your backyard hearing the sprinklers on the lawn. Yes, water is involved. Water, in all of its forms, is one of the most essential substances on Earth and provides the opportunity for life.We, as a society, take water for granted. Every day, if you want water, all you have to do is walk to the nearest sink and turn it on. There is no thought as to where that water comes from, or the fact that it may not be there forever. Our everyday consumption behaviors such as showering and clothes washing can have a significant impact on the environment. Imagine a future where water is scarce and restricted. How would you survive? All over the world regions with sustainable ground water balance are shrinking every day.This can be due to depletion because of overdraft, salinization from inadequate drainage or pollution from agricultural and industrial activity. In Yemen alone, ground water extraction is expected to exceed recharge by 400 percent. Aquifers in Mexico are declining at an average rate of 1. 79 to 3. 3 meters per year (Shah, Molden, Sakthivadivel and Seckler, 2000). At such an alarming rate of recession, it is important to find another alternative source of water to help recoup some of the ground water supply.For this reason I do believe that rainwater harvesting is a viable option to substitute ground water extraction in some regions and to help replenish ground water. About 70% of the Earth is covered with water, and 96. 5% of that is part of the oceans. Only a small portion of the Earth’s water is fresh water. 1. 7% is below ground and 1. 8% is above ground in ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow, with only . 06% usable above ground in lakes, rivers and swamps (Shah, Molden, Sakthivadivel and Seckler 2000). Rainwater harvesting can be used in many ways.Rainwater can be used as water for livestock, irrigation for crops, to water plants around your house, to replace water for showering, flushing your toilet, for your dishwasher or for laundry, and with the right treatment, it can be used for drinking water. There are many advantages to rainwater harvesting. After the initial cost for equipment, rainwater harvesting is essentially free. It eliminates the need for intricate and expensive dispensing systems. It can replace groundwater supplies where the groundwater is unacceptable or unavailable or it can increase finite ground water supplies.Rainwater has a nearly neutral pH and is not hard, so it eliminates the need for adding salts for softening the water and it is also sodium free. Plants thrive in rainwater (as seen when it rains). One of the most interesting aspects of rainwater harvesting is learning about the methods of capture, storage and use. The idea of rainwater harvesting is to intercept precipitation before it gets dirty. Contamination can still take place in the air, on the collection surface or in the storage facility itself. For that reason it may be more desirable to treat the water or restrict it to non-potable use (non-potable meaning not for consumption).Boiling is resource intensive and there is the danger of accidental scalding. Chemical disinfection requires some management, but it is well understood and compatible with water storage (Thomas 1998). However, possibly the best way to treat rainwater is via a filtration system. When assessing the health risks of drinking rainwater, consider the path taken by the raindrop through a watershed into a reservoir, through water treatment and distribution systems to you, the consumer. Water absorbs contaminants and minerals on its wa y to the reservoir.While in the reservoir, the water can come into contact with all kinds of materials: oil, animal wastes, chemical, pharmaceutical and industrial pollution and trash. It is the water treatment plant’s job to remove contaminants and kill pathogens, however when chlorine is used, it degrades into byproducts that may pose health risks. The raindrop harvested on site will travel down a roof by way of a gutter to a storage tank. Before it is used for drinking, it is treated by a simple process with filtration equipment that occupies about nine cubic feet of space (Krishna 2005).Rainwater harvesting can also reduce the volume of storm water lessening the impact on erosion and decreasing the load on storm sewers. This would help to keep pollutants, such as pesticides and fertilizers, out of rivers and ground water (Krishna 2005). The summer of 2012 was harsh. Several regions suffered. Almost 61% of the country was in drought according to Brian Fuchs in an interview with USA Today posted on their website July 17, 2012. Rain was few and far between, however a lot of rainwater was wasted. Having water shipped in can be very expensive, and so many farmers cannot afford the added cost.Harvesting rainwater for irrigation is already utilized in some regions of the world such as India where the bulk of their rainfall happens in about 100 hours of heavy downpour with little time to replenish the ground water supply (Keller, Sakthivadivel and Seckler 2000). If more farmers would utilize rainwater harvesting during the times that it does rain, and build up a back up supply, then when rain is scarce, more of their crops could be irrigated, helping to offset some of the devastation. Next year, in 2013, the prices of gas as well as groceries are expected to rise immensely because of the scarcity of crops in 2012.It is no surprise that rainwater harvesting is utilized more in poorer countries where it is generally more difficult to get clean water; however, in the long term clean water scarcity is expected to intensify globally, even in richer countries (Thomas 1998). Systems can be as simple as a rain barrel for garden irrigation at the end of a downspout or the can be as complex as a potable (for consumption) system. It makes sense, then, that for showers and flushing the toilet, rainwater could be used to offset using water from other sources that are shrinking annually.Only three key elements are needed for this: a collection surface, such as a roof, guttering and a storage tank large enough to moderate fluctuations in usage and rainfall (Thomas 1998). It is the third element that poses the greatest cost burden, however it may be worth it to try to help alleviate groundwater usage and eventual depletion. From a financial perspective, a system for potable use cannot compete with water supplied from a municipality; however, it is cost-competitive with the installation of a well in rural settings (Krishna 2005). An estimated 100,000 residential rainwater harvesting systems are in use in he United States (Krishna 2005). More are being installed by gardeners and homeowners seeking a sustainable, high-quality water source. Rainwater harvesting is recognized as an important water conserving measure. I am not proposing that anyone completely rely on rainwater for their household consumption. It would be very hard to rely solely on a rainwater supply. However to try to supplement some every day water usage such as shower water, toilet water or even water for laundry would greatly benefit the water supply and, in the end, the planet. Works Cited Krishna, Dr.Hari J. â€Å"Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting. † Texas Water Development Board (2005). Print. Pandey, Deep Narayan, Anil K. Gupta, and David M. Anderson â€Å"Rainwater Harvesting As an Adaptation to Climate Change. † Current Science, Vol 85 (2003). PDF file. Shah, Tushaar, David Molden, R. Sakthivadivel and David Seckler. â€Å"The Global Groun dwater Situation: Overview of Opportunities and Challenges. † International Water Management Institute (2000). Print. Thomas, Terry. â€Å"Domestic Water Supply Using Rainwater Harvesting. † Diss. University of Warwick (1998). Print.

Snickers Chocolate’s Global Share

Global Candy Sales | | |Market Share |$ Sales in Millions | |Brand |Company |2011 |2012 |2011 |2012* | |Snickers |Mars Inc |1. 7 |1. 8 |$3,286 |$3,572 | |M&M's |Mars Inc |1. 8 |1. |$3,380 |$3,494 | |Trident |Kraft Foods Inc |1. 8 |1. 7 |$3,354 |$3,321 | |Reese's |Hershey Co, The |1. 3 |1. 4 |$2,553 |$2,679 | |Galaxy/Dove |Mars Inc |1. 3 |1. 3 |$2,407 |$2,597 | |Milka |Kraft Foods Inc |1. 3 |1. |$2,530 |$2,510 | |Cadbury Dairy Milk |Kraft Foods Inc |1. 3 |1. 3 |$2,414 |$2,506 | |Orbit |Mars Inc |1. 3 |1. 3 |$2,441 |$2,501 | |Extra |Mars Inc |1. 1 |1. 2 |$2,115 |$2,231 | |Kit Kat |Nestle SA |1. 0 |1. |$1,933 |$1,979 | |Mentos |Perfetti Van Melle Group |0. 9 |0. 9 |$1,649 |$1,711 | U. S. Candy Sales | | |Market Share |$ Sales in Millions | |Brand |Company |2011 |2012 |2011 |2012* | |Reese's |Hershey Co, The |7. |7. 7 |$2,479 |$2,603 | |M's |Mars Inc |6. 8 |6. 8 |$2,238 |$2,300 | |Snickers |Mars Inc |5. 5 |6. 0 |$1,815 |$2,020 | |Kit Kat |Hershey Co, The |2. 8 |2. 8 |$917 |$948 | |Twizzl ers |Hershey Co, The |2. 3 |2. |$746 |$801 | |Trident |Kraft Foods Inc |2. 2 |2. 0 |$732 |$674 | |Twix |Mars Inc |1. 8 |1. 9 |$598 |$655 | |Extra |Mars Inc |1. 8 |1. 8 |$598 |$610 | |Orbit |Mars Inc |1. 7 |1. |$561 |$549 | |Milky Way |Mars Inc |1. 6 |1. 6 |$516 |$539 | |Galaxy/Dove |Mars Inc |1. 6 |1. 5 |$523 |$504 | |Starburst |Mars Inc |1. 3 |1. 4 |$433 |$467 | |Godiva |Yildiz Holding AS |1. 1 |1. |$373 |$391 | |*2012 figures are projections. Source: Euromonitor Internationa | | | | | |Snickers Surging to Top of Global Candy Race | |Mars-Owned Candy Bar Set to Pass Sibling M&M's, Kraft's Trident in New Euromonitor Ranking | |By: E.J. Schultz Published: September 20, 2012 | |208share this page | |[pic][pic][pic][pic] | |There is a new candy kingpin. | |Snickers will pass M&M's as the top international confectionery brand by the end of the year, giving the 82-year-old candy bar a satisfying | |victory in the global chocolate wars, according to a projection by Euromonitor Intern ational. |Snickers is â€Å"definitely on target to surpass M&M's,† Lee Linthicum, Euromonitor's global head of food research, told Ad Age. He cited U. S. | |innovations and strong growth in emerging markets as factors in moving the candy bar from No. 3 to No. 1, also surpassing Trident. Going | |forward, the race for the top is now a sibling rivalry because Mars Inc. owns Snickers and M&M's, which are separated by a razor-thin | |margin. | |While a win for Mars, the rankings are a loss for Kraft Foods' Trident. The gum brand fell from second to third place as projected 2012 | |worldwide sales slipped to $3. 2 billion from $3. 35 billion in 2011. Kraft remains the global leader with 14. 7% share when all confectionery| |brands are totaled. But the food giant's share of the category fell from 14. 8% in 2011, while No. 2 Mars jumped to 14. 4% from 14. 1%, | |according to Euromonitor. | |The shift at the top was first reported by Candy & Snack Today, a publication by the Nationa l Confectioners Association. | |Among individual brands, the worldwide candy battle remains close and fragmented, with only a fraction of a share point separating the top | |10. |Snickers is expected to surge from $3. 29 billion in global sales last year to $3. 57 billion for 2012, capturing a 1. 8% share, according to | |Euromonitor projections. The brand, whose ad agency is BBDO, has been backed with major media investments in recent years, including Super | |Bowl spots featuring Betty White and Roseanne Barr, who have both stared in the ongoing â€Å"You're Not You When You're Hungry† campaign. | |But M's — which Mars featured in this year's Super Bowl spot– is not far behind, growing from $3. 38 billion to $3. 9 billion in global | |sales, according to Euromonitor projections. | |Mr. Linthicum attributed Snickers' climb to its strong performance in the U. S. , which accounts for a huge share of the global candy market. | |Domestically, the candy bar has aggr essively pushed a line extension called Snickers Peanut Butter Squared, which launched last year and | |features two square-shape bars that adds peanut butter to the familiar mix of peanuts, caramel, nougat and milk chocolate. | |Globally, the brand is benefiting from strong growth in Eastern Europe.In Russia, sales have doubled since 2007 to $300 million, partly as | |a result of distribution gains Mars has made by acquiring some ex-Soviet chocolate companies, he said. While that should also help M's, | |the bite-size candies face more competition in the region, where smaller candies are more established and familiar, Mr. Linthicum said. By | |contrast, candy bars like Snickers are more of a novelty, he said. | |In the U. S. , Hershey Co. ‘s Reese's is expected to remain the top brand, with a projected $2. 6 billion in sales capturing 7. % market share | |for 2012, according to Euromonitor, which uses a variety of sources to track all sales channels, from Walmart to vending m achines. M&M's, | |which is also handled by BBDO, is projected to hold onto the No. 2 slot stateside with 6. 8% share, followed by Snicker's (6%) and Hershey's | |Kit Kat (2. 8%). | |Still, Reese's remains stuck in fourth place globally with 1. 4% share, according to Euromonitor projections. The reasons are twofold: | |Hershey has less of a global footprint than Mars, Mr. Linthicum said. Also, peanut butter is not as popular in Europe as it is in the | |States.It is a â€Å"very uniquely American thing,† he said. â€Å"That sweet-savory juxtaposition of flavors is something of an acquired taste. † | |Mr. Linthicum pinned Trident's struggles on stiff competition from Wrigley 5, the Mars-owned brand that launched in the states in 2007 with | |slick packaging, innovative flavors and a highly produced ad campaign by Energy BBDO called â€Å"Stimulate Your Senses. † | |The flashy appeal has resonated globally. â€Å"It's even gaining share in Greece of all places,â €  Mr. Linthicum said. â€Å"Everywhere they release it| |around the world †¦ it's worked. † In the U.S. , Wrigley 5 is now the 4th-largest gum brand with a 7. 43% share, according to SymphonyIRI, | |which excludes Walmart. | |Kraft, which on Oct. 1 will split off its candy and snacking business into a company called Mondelez International, is fighting back with | |its first global ad campaign for Trident by Saatchi & Saatchi that is more emotional than previous efforts, which had touted functional | |benefits such as oral health and vitamins. Meanwhile, in the States Kraft recently rolled out â€Å"ID Gum by Stride,† featuring artsy packaging | |and a gimmick-filled campaign by Droga5. |

Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From †Womens Studies Essay

Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From – Womens Studies Essay Free Online Research Papers Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From Womens Studies Essay The systematic oppression of women, a tacit social dogma inherent in the history of western thought, was dependant upon the continued polarization of two stratifying spheres; one of women, who were regulated to the â€Å"private† sphere of the home and family and secondly, the communal, â€Å"social† patriarch which dominated over it. The division of human social life into public and private realms, and the demotion of women into the latter, is a principal source of women’s disadvantaged societal position. Conversely, advocates of the doctrine of separate spheres deem the public domain to be a place where the important business of society is conducted, while its frivolous and trivial pleasures are enjoyed within the private sphere. Hence, the ideology of sanctity and domestic bliss, which encompasses the realm assigned to women, worked to mask and condone male despotism in the home. It is that same ideology which inhibited women from entering into the workforce and becoming productive, competitive participants in the formal labour market. Consequently, this male dominance was reinforced by the nature of productio n in industrialized societies; however, the boundaries between private and public domains are not as rigid as its dichotomy seems to entail. They vary historically and geographically, indicative of Canada’s social and cultural stratification. The toil involved within the cultivation of new settlements, wherein the family serves as both a social and economic unit, blurred the division between the public and private spheres, both within the homes and within the minds of its residents. Black women specifically tended to work outside the home, due to a product of racism, as their husbands were unable to make enough money to support the family. Despite a respite of women’s active involvement throughout the course of the early 20th century, their achievements far exceeded what the suffragists had once envisaged. However, during the 1950s and 1960s women’s domestic obligations, as well as their self-images, remained practically the same while their activities altered s ignificantly. Not only had they retained their responsibilities for their families, simultaneously their participation in the paid labour force had increased. In part to this the women’s movement of the 1960s gained a new impetus towards social change, one which focused more on the destruction of the patriarchal rule rather than its ratification. Coupled with the adaptation of the feminist doctrine, the Canadian women’s movement of the 1960s resulted in increased legislative representation and a reconfiguration of the family dynamic. In the 1960s, no one expected the women’s movement to re-emerge. Due to their economic and political stability within a prosperous postwar Canada, women viewed any remaining predicaments they had as temporary disadvantages. Women were increasingly getting the education needed to ensure better-paying work. Consequently, public opinion regarding their right to work and to attain equal pay, which had been legally guaranteed since 1950, began to increase; even in Quebec women had been enfranchised for almost a generation. Even though there were still few women in the federal Parliament, the tradition of having one woman in the cabinet appeared secure, while local politicians like Ottawa Mayor Charlotte Whitton continued to be highly visible and vocal- often objecting to any particular concern for the status of women. When the women’s liberation movement first gained media attention late in the decade, first in France and then the United States, it was â€Å"part of a stud ent movement radicalized by racism and imperialism women were to be ‘liberated,’ like minorities and colonial dependencies†. (80) This reincarnation of feminism was merely interpreted as another, relatively insignificant part of an era of activism. In Canada, focus still remained on the problematic conceptualization of a unified linguistic-cultural nation. The question of national unity underscored many of the federal-provincial conferences and royal commissions. Hence, the student revolt was â€Å"late and muted and, like it, the ‘new’ women’s movement was seen as an American import†. (80) Despite this, there was general astonishment when feminism proved able to tap massive discontent among even the most privileged of women. Two sorts of grievances underlined the women’s movement in the 1960s. First, an old set, categorized by its feminist methodologies in earlier eras, which related to the areas where women were regarded as basically the same as men but were treated â€Å"in a different, disadvantageous manner, in effect excluded from men’s rights and privileges†. Hence, where the barriers were officially down and women were able to share in ‘male’ pioneered activities, they did it without receiving the compensations men came to expect. Feminists were to identify the underpinning of this construct through the concept of the ‘glass ceiling’: they could work for pay however, it would be less than their male counterparts received and as a result, it became unlikely for them to become successful through their own achievements. The second, new set of grievances related to women’s specific qualities and â€Å"characteristics that they had valued and thou ght society had appreciated insufficiently†. Those who had succeeded in the context of public life discovered that their actions were being governed by a domineering patriarchal construct. Consequently, women had to hide their feminine qualities, neglect or conceal their private lives, â€Å"and learn the â€Å"conflictual games [that their] mother never taught [them]†. However, women wanted to remain different without being underprivileged. Rather, they wanted recognition for their valuable qualities, along with security from their vulnerabilities in a male-dominated world. Women’s circumstances in relation to the combination of domestic responsibilities and paid labour crystallized the old and the new demands: â€Å"they were not compensated for their ‘double shift’ of paid and unpaid work, they were not protected against violence in or out of the home, and their socially valuable tasks of public and private nurturance were unrecognized.† These circumstances created individual dissatisfactions which, despite being felt by the individual, continued to be largely unvoiced. In the collective, the resulting grievances entailed a more enviable societyin which women were treated as equal but also one in which public life had underwent changes due to women’s active role within it. A society in which â€Å"women were equally influential would be one that took women’s preferences and experience seriously, and that was transformed by the result†. The fundamental conditions of Canadian women were shared by women throughout the industrialized world. This is indicative of why the revolt of the women students did not in fact subside in the early 1970s like the activities of the male-dominated organizations from which they detached. Moreover, Canada’s newly visible feminist activism inherited not only the current situation, but the goals of its predecessor groups. This occurred in part due to the surviv al of these constituent groups and their role in constructing a ‘second wave’ of feminism. However, this incarnation was not a ‘rebirth of feminism’. Feminist and women’s groups had not dissipated at the triumphant end of the suffrage campaigns. Rather, throughout the 20th century, women’s movements moved â€Å"with their customary energy to make use of the new instruments of influence for which they had fought so hard†. After enfranchisement, despite being engaged in fewer concentrated campaigns and having less exposure, women’s activities never ceased. Consequently, in the 1960s, with the emergence of new factions, the pace quickened and their visibility increased. Contemporary feminism, an incarnation of the student and civil rights movements of radical protest in the 1960s, was a dynamic, evolving, politically engaged movement. It was instrumental in effecting fundamental change in social practices and institutions. Feminism is â€Å"a theoretical project whose purposes are to understand the oppressive social practices that disadvantage women and to think innovatively about women’s possibilities†. Hence, its radicalism is reflective of the fact that it comes to distinction at points of critical change. It both â€Å"abets this change and envisages it with an imagination that goes beyond it†. Consequently, there is a close connection between feminist practice, which concentrates its effort on transforming social and material conditions, and feminist theory, which extends out of that practice and notifies it. Theory is â€Å"constantly modified by what it proves to be effective in practice, and practice is shaped by theo ry†. Hence, any separation between theory and practice enables the process of comparative analysis. Consequently, this account of shifting feminist theories within a Canadian context is intended to describe the theoretical framework in which the feminist philosophy has evolved in Canadian society. Feminist theorists begin from the realization that, in the context of a patriarchal society, men and women live different lives and consequently, have different experiences. There is an attempt to understand the power and privilege differential exhibited between men and women. By analyzing its origin, feminists are able to develop strategies to eradicate this paradigm, thus portraying the active nature of feminism itself: â€Å"the point of studying the situation of women is to work towards changing it†. However, contemporary feminist theorists differ in their identification of the principal element(s) of women’s oppression, in their designation of fundamental theoretic al questions, and in the strategies for change they create and enact. Despite being approached from different vantage points, differing feminist doctrines still shared many core themes. In particular, feminists endeavor to â€Å"understand how the social structuring of production, reproduction, sexuality, and socialization, in their shifting manifestation, have determined women’s conditions throughout history and across cultural, and racial barriers†. However, during the 1960s there was a shift in most forms of feminism, one from an earlier view of women as a caste, to an awareness of the differences amongst their individual experiences. The belief that there was a single, essential ‘women’s experience’, from which universal analytical categories can be developed, was abandoned. Differences in class, sexual practice, and race became primary focus for debate. Hence, contemporary feminism faced the task of accounting for significant variations of wome n and thus, discerning the common threads and themes inherent to these experiences which make them specifically women’s. It became â€Å"a matter of developing theoretical tools to understand the samenesses and differences in women’s lives: of acknowledging specificity and commonality†. Three contemporary feminist theories which evolved through the postwar women’s movement were Liberal feminism, Marxist and Socialist feminism, and Radical feminism; all adhere to a similar construct however, their methodologies differ in their execution and consequently demonstrate the feminist doctrine’s adaptation to women’s social, political, and economic progression. Against the background of classical liberal theory, contemporary liberal feminism is founded on the principle that it is a women’s right to enjoy the freedom and equality of opportunity attained by the autonomous individual. Hence, it is less of a theory of women’s oppression at the hands of patriarchy than it is a theory of human rights. This theory can be seen as the foundation of contemporary feminism, as it represents the overarching discontent which arose in postwar Canada. In the liberal-feminist view, sexual discrimination is unjust primarily because it deprives women of the equal right to pursue their own self-interest. Hence, liberal feminists â€Å"deplore the informal discrimination in assumptions, rooted in biological determinism†. It is this discrimination which denies women access to equal participation with men, who have occupations of high social status. Efforts which have aimed to free women from their dependant status, have garnered liberal fem inists some exposure. However, by retaining the ideological commitment that political decisions are created within the formal political process, they have been less meticulous than â€Å"socialist and radical feminists in their examination of the politics of daily life in the ‘private’ sphere and in their analyses of sexual power and privilege†. Despite a constant demand for women to be included equally within the existing public decision-making structures, liberal feminists still assumed that the structures themselves needed â€Å"no modifications beyond those effected by the inclusion of women on an equal basis†. Hence, they inevitably failed to recognize the strength of patriarchal capitalism in regards to its ability to maintain female subjugation. Due to liberal theory being confined to matters of social practice, in which women would have unlimited opportunity, it offers no indication as how access to that construct would be realized. Moreover, as w omen were expected to lead a double life, domestically and as part of the paid labour force, their autonomy would lead to an abandonment of domestic obligations. Liberal theory thus works with a model of society in which feminist change would simply require men to make more room within existing social structures for their female counterparts. However, due to these constructs being controlled by men, women continued to be governed by its rule. Consequently, another contemporary theory of feminism emerged, one in which responded to the inadequacies contained within the liberalist interpretation; the Marxist and Socialist theory. Marxist and Socialist feminists, in reaction to the liberal feminist’s doctrine, argued that there was in fact no need for political liberalism unless one can, not only achieve economic means, but also attain the power to enjoy it. Drawing upon a Marxist study of class oppression, social feminists argued that â€Å"the capitalist economic system oppresses women as a group, just as it oppresses the working class as a whole†. Within the context of a capitalist patriarch society women are subjected to other forms of oppression. First, women’s work is alienated labour; they own neither the means nor the production of their work. Second, in the labour force, women are commonly in positions which are subordinate to men, whose superiority is not necessarily always apparent. Hence, women are continually alienated from realizing their true potential. Third, women who work as housewives are even more at a disadvantage as they live their lives out of servitude. Consequentl y, their toil accords no material value and they are continually kept in seclusion from the ‘public’ world. Due to changing climate in postwar Canada, socialist feminists argued that women’s worth is apparent in both the public and private spheres. However, under capitalism, their labor within a domestic context is deemed worthless because it has no monetary exchange value, and â€Å"it is invisible in that public space where exchange value is established†. Circumstances such as these, led socialist feminists to promote programs of social changes, ones which would involve alternatives to capitalist modes of production and to the patriarchal construct of the family itself. Radical feminism, a manifestation of this doctrine, agreed with much of the socialist-feminist analysis of women’s disadvantaged social and economic position however, whereas material, social, and economic oppression were primary for socialist feminists, radical feminists believed that the subjugation of women was at the root of all other forms of oppression. Radical feminism was generated from the disillusionment created out of the politics of the New Left in North America, Britain, and France in the late 1960s. Particularly women in the United States who were advocating for equality during the civil rights movement â€Å"found themselves treated as subordinate members of organizations in which they were vigorously active†. Moreover, women realized that they were being exploited as sex objects, subordinates to their male co-workers. Consequently, â€Å"sexism, as manifested in patriarchal family arrangements, in gender stereotyping, pornography, wife and child abuse, and rape, became the focus of radical-feminist analysis†. Radical feminists argued that the ‘personal is political’, thereby demonstrating how patriarchal society constructs personal experiences and relations in ways which become disadvantageous to women. During the 1960s, the Canadian government declared that it had no place within the bedrooms o f the nation. Even though this was an improvement upon the view that society could deem through legislation what was sexually permissible between adults, it rendered â€Å"immune to public intervention such damaging and exploitive practices as rape and sexual abuse within marriage and the family†. These daily activities only served to perpetuate women’s oppression within the home, a place which was protected from political scrutiny by â€Å"an ideology of sanctity and privacy where the invisibility of women’s domestic and childrearing labour is maintained†. Prior to radical feminists exposing these problems, domestic violence was regarded as a private matter, one in which the law did not meddle in. Despite an evident systematic difference in power between men and women, one which is defined in part by men’s socially and legally control over women’s labour, it is this ideology that irrevocably places any domestic blame solely on the women. He nce, the radical feminists felt that such power relations needed to be overturned if women’s subjugation were to end. Postwar Canada saw a transition within the feminist doctrine. Despite emerging through different social, political, and economic spheres, contemporary feminism began its rise by inheriting the cause of its prior incarnations, advocating for equal representation and it evolved into a movement intent on developing a separate and self-centered women’s culture. When examining the changing patterns of Canadian women’s lives, it is imperative to look beyond the choices they made to the laws that, through time, have both constrained and liberated them. Historically, these laws have been created and governed by men, reflecting their assumptions about the ‘natural order’ of society. However, these suppositions began to change within the 20th century, most notably within the context of the welfare state. The welfare state cemented its foundation in Canada in the period following the end of the Second World War. It introduced government legislature into areas such as employment and income security, areas which were previously regarded as outside the scope of public policy. Women came to play a significant role in the welfare state that emerged. Due to its creation, the â€Å"boundaries of the public sphere widened and those of the private sphere narrowed†. However, the government appeared ignorant to its overall impact it would have on the lives of women. Consequently, a series of measures were passed to encourage women to continue their domestic responsibilities at home and to raise healthy ‘future workers’ for the rapidly expanding economy. Hence, relief measures were developed to assist needy single mothers, which became part of a universal program of benefits. The family-allowance program, one of the first in the federal government’s package of income-security measures, helped â€Å"to set the tone of the welfare state, underscoring the fact that the welfare state was not just a set of services, but also a set of ideas about society, about the family, and about women, who have a centrally important role within the family, as its linchpin†. Canada needed workers to fill the increasing amount of available jobs hence, at this time, women were still encouraged to remain domestic, a concept which echoed in the governments legislation. The language of â€Å"social purity and morality, which dominated legislative discussions about women’s roles in the early 1900s, was replaced by language of healthy babies, strong soldiers, and better works†. Consequently, the need for more workers also led to the greater possibility that women themselves could fill those roles. In the egalitarian spirit of the post-war years, the government gradually adopted some equal-rights legislation for its female citizens. Most employees were under provincial jurisdiction hence, there were a series of legislative initiatives, created in the 1950s, which aimed at improving equal opportunity for women at work. In 1951, beginning in Ontario and culminating in Newfoundland in 1971, the provincial governments passed equal-pay legalization, which was generally worded to â€Å"guarantee women and men in both public and private sectors the same pay for similar or essentially similar jobs†. However, these initiatives were too weak in their execution to have a desire d effect, since the paid labour force was highly segregated by gender and continued to be dominated by men. In 1954 the federal government attempted to ratify this situation by establishing the Women’s Bureau in the federal Department of Labour. The government knew very little about women in the paid labour force hence, the bureau was â€Å"designed to promote a wider understanding of problems preculiar to women workers and the employment of women, to help women make a more effective contribution to the development of Canada†. It played a vital role in preparing the federal equal-pay legistlation which was introduced in 1956. However, the legislation was flawed as it only applied to federal works of businesses, or â€Å"corporations performing work on behalf of the government, limiting equal pay to indentical or substantially identical work†. In spite of these limitations, the federal and earlier provincial equal-pay laws were important milestones in the legislative history of women’s rights. Two events in the 1970s furthered this legislative evolution: maternit y leave provisions, which became part of the Canada Labour Code, and the Report of the Royal Commission on the status was women was published. Even though the Report was not implemented in its entirety, it still was influential in the development of a new view of women by the Canadian legislatures. With the introduction of maternity-leave provisions, the socially constructed role of the domestic female began to disintegrate. This legislation was significant in that it was national, stating that â€Å"the employment cost of child-bearing, although not child care, was a community responsibility rather than an individual woman’s burden†. These early equal-opportunity laws were founded on the philosophy that prejudice against women in the labour force was a human relations problem. This philosophy carried over into the 1970s in the form of government regulated affirmative action programs. These would remove the discrimination factor and increase women’s access to jo bs formerly held primarily by men. Today affirmative action has been embraced by both levels of government, as it affirms that women and men should be treated equally. Consequently, it improved women’s access to the public sphere. However, the pace has continued to be quite slow. Women’s concerns continue to be low on the government’s priority list. Throughout this process women have been forced to represent themselves in the patriarchal public sphere, while continuously ensuring that their domestic roles were sustained. Consequently, the dynamic of the family compact, and the role of the mother itself, underwent a drastic transformation. Understanding the family dynamic and the changes inherent in its representations is fundamental to understanding the position of women in Canada. Three essential changes that have occurred in the Canadian family since the post-war era were the decrease in family size and the increase in marital dissolution through divorce, an increase in labour-force participation of married women and mothers and separation. These â€Å"trends are not independent of one another, but intertwined, and have been accompanied by large scale socio-economic changes†. The post-war years produced a group of disgruntled and aggravated full-time mothers, who followed social expectations but felt unrewarded and subdued. Moreover, the cost of raising a family proved too difficult for single mothers. The convergence of women’s growing dissatisfaction with their socially prescribed roles and economic problems resulted in low levels of childbearing. The declining birth rate and the emergence of smalle r families was often argued to be the result of women’s enhanced reproductive choice. However, some women have decided to postpone or opt out of childbearing, many â€Å"continued to face unwanted pregnancy, most notable the poor, young, immigrant, differently abled, and physically and mentally abused women†. Women’s changing work-force patterns brought about and accompanied changes in the family structure. The increased work-force contribution of married women both â€Å"reinforced and undermined the idea that marriage may be women’s best economic option†. Moreover, the notion of marriage itself also led to a shift in the family dynamic. During the post-war era women were, by law, under the control of their husbands and families. Consequently, their options and rights were limited and any money earned was considered to be their husbands’. However, the more women decided to work outside the household, the consideration of their earnings and property came into question. While women continually search for and find work, coupled with the possibility of their husbands’ unemployment, the traditional roles within the family inherently change. Moreover, women’s increased participation in the work-force also highlighted the notion of child care. Child care was considered the private responsibility of the individual family. Hence, the Canadian family was viewed as self-contained, responsibly for itself and its children. Inadequat child-care facilities presuppose that it is the mother’s responsibility to care completely for he own children. Ireccovably, many women were forced with the untenable position of having to choose a family or a career, but not both. It was not until the creation of adequate child-care facilities through the legislative process during the 1960s and 1970s that this pressure was somewhat alleviated. Last, the increased rates of marital dissolution created a fundamental change within th e Canadian family, one which accounts for the dramatic increase in single-parent families. The increased divorce rates were often equated with an escalation of marital unhappiness, placing blame on women’s evolving roles within the public sphere. However, through divorce, women became evermore disadvantaged at the hands of a patriarchal society. They had a lower probability than divorced men of remarrying. Furthermore, the women had the responsibility for the children of the dissolved marriage, which had an affect on their prospects of remarriage. The most profound difference between the divorce experience of men and women was concentrated in their altered financial circumstances. Fewer than 5% of women received alimony after their divorce. Due to childcare responsibilities, â€Å"limited daycare facilties, limited job opportunities and, a;; too often , inadequate or non-existent child support, divorced women often found themselves among the ranks of the poor†. Hence, the government introduced divorce reforms which intended to make divorce more equitable and fair. However, although it seemed egalitarian, it still overlooked women’s real wage and job prospects, as well as the requirement and expense of continued child care. Despite these ratifications the role of the mother continues to be one which requires an adherence to patriarchal rule, one which is appears intent on maintaining its power structure at the hands of women’s continued efforts. In part, the women’s movement of the 1960s strove to create social awareness and representation amongst the legislative government. The evolution of the feminist doctrine awarded the women’s movement to attack their social restrictions through a variety of different social, economic, and political facets. Since the postwar era women have undertaken an active assault on patriarchal rule. By means of its own structures, women were able to infiltrate and implement change within a male dominated public sphere. Fixes assumptions about female nature have only had negative affects on women, ones which emerged in all aspects of their lives, influencing their physical, psychological, and social well-being. Despite women’s new found complacency, there continues to be a tangible and psychological barrier which separates men and women. Even as women claim the right and display their capacity to participate in the public domain, â€Å"the ideology of the sanctity if the priv ate domain is constantly re-invoked to thwart their efforts and restrict their freedom†. The success of the 1960s movement in spawning a new generation of feminist theorists indicates that the impetus behind social, political, and economic equality will endure until its efforts come to fruition. Research Papers on Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From - Women's Studies EssayThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementResearch Process Part OneCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

How to Write Dialogue 10 Simple Rules (Plus 5 Mistakes to Avoid!)

How to Write Dialogue 10 Simple Rules (Plus 5 Mistakes to Avoid!) How to Write Dialogue: 10 Simple Rules (Plus 5 Mistakes to Avoid!) No matter what your genre, learning how to write dialogue effectively is a vital part of any writer’s education. Poor dialogue can make readers put your book down in disgust - but great dialogue can transform your characters into truly believable people, and your readers into satisfied customers.Of course, the best kind of dialogue isn’t just believable. It also provides exposition, involves distinct language depending on who’s speaking, and - perhaps most crucially - moves the story along. Without dialogue, you’d just have pages and pages of description with barely any character dynamics or interpersonal drama. How boring would that be?Because dialogue is essential to a strong narrative, we want to help you get it exactly right. To that end, we’ve put together this list of rules, examples, and more that will have you writing sparkling conversation in no time! We’ll also cover in detail how to format and punctuate dialogue, for those who a ren’t sure exactly what goes where.If you’re especially curious about formatting, go ahead and skip to #10 using the table of contents on the left - otherwise, let’s jump right in with dialogue rule #1.1. Enter the conversation lateAlfred Hitchcock once said that â€Å"drama is life with all the boring bits cut out.† Comparably, we could say that good dialogue is like a real conversation without all the fluff. And one of the best ways to cut out that boring fluff is to enter the conversation as late as possible.Think about it: few "classic" scenes start with characters going, â€Å"Hey buddy! How are you doing? Wow, long time no see.† This is because people enjoy making inferences based on details in action and speech - and the last thing you want to do is insult their intelligence by spelling everything out for them.For a more tangible taste of this technique, here’s screenwriter Aaron Sorkin talking about the first scene of his Oscar-win ning screenplay for The Social Network:â€Å"We started at 100 miles an hour in the middle of a conversation, and that makes the audience have to run to catch up. The worst crime you can commit with an audience is telling them something they already know. We were always running ahead.†Sorkin's ability to give the audience just the right amount of detail is a huge strength, and something all writers should strive for. So don’t slow down to accommodate your readers - make them catch up to you. id=attachment_19354 style="width: 1047px" class="wp-caption aligncenter">Now that you know exactly what to do when it comes to writing dialogue, let’s talk about what not to do - with these five critical mistakes to avoid.5 dialogue mistakes to avoid1. Too many dialogue tagsAs you may have already gathered, one of the most egregious errors you can make when writing dialogue is using too many dialogue tags. Constantly repeating â€Å"he said,† â€Å"she said,† and so on is boring and repetitive for your readers, as you can see here:â€Å"Hey, how’s it going?† Billy said.â€Å"Not bad,† said Ann. â€Å"Just warming up for the day.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ah. Liquid courage,† said Billy.â€Å"Yeah, those customers aren’t going to yell at themselves,† Ann said.So keep in mind that you can often eschew dialogue tags if you’ve already established the speakers, like so:Billy approached Ann as she was pouring a cup of coffee.  "Hey, how’s it going?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Not bad.† She gestured to the cup. â€Å"Just warming up for the day.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ah. Liquid courage.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah, those customers aren’t going to yell at themselves.†One can tell from the action beats, as well as the fact that it’s a two-person back-and-forth conversation, which lines are Billy’s and which are Ann’s. Dialogue tags just distract from the conversation - although if you did want to use them, â€Å"said† would still be better than fancy tags like â€Å"announced† or â€Å"effused.†2. Lack of structural varietySimilar to the â€Å"too many tags† issue is the lack of structural variety that can sometimes arise in dialogue. Not sure what we’re talking about? Take a look at this:â€Å"This is going terribly. We need a new plan.† Sophie started erasing the blackboard.â€Å"Wait, stop! I have another idea.† Ethan grabbed her hand to stop her.â€Å"Oh yeah? When has that ever helped us before?† She glared at him, uncompromising.â€Å"I mean it this time. I think this could really work.† He grabbed the chalk from the table and began to write.Now, action beats are great, but here they’re used repeatedly in exactly the same way - first the dialogue, then the beat - which looks odd and unnatural on the page. Indeed, any recurrent structure like this (which also includes putting dialogue tags in the same place every time) should be vehemently avoided.Luckily, it’s easy to rework repetitive structure into something much more lively and organic, just by shifting around some of the action beats and tags:â€Å"This is going terribly. We need a new plan.† Sophie started erasing the blackboard.â€Å"Wait, stop!† Ethan shouted, grabbing her hand. â€Å"I have another idea.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh yeah? When has that ever helped us before?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I mean it this time. I think this could really work.†3. Restating the obviousAnother common dialogue mistake is restating the obvious - i.e. information that either the characters themselves or the reader already knows. For example, say you want to introduce two brothers, so you write the following exchange:â€Å"Say, Gary, how long have we been brothers?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thirty-five years, Barry. Ever since Ma gave birth to two bouncing baby boys in ‘84.†This is clearly awkward and a bit ridiculous, as the characters obviously know how old they are. It also insults the reader’s intelligence - even if they didn’t already know that Barry and Gary were thirty-five-year-old brothers, they wouldn’t appreciate being spoon-fed like this.If you wanted to convey the same information in a subtler way, you might write it into a different conversation, like:â€Å"Hey, Gary - Raiders of the Lost of Ark came out in 1984, right? Wasn’t Ma was about to see it when she went into labor with u s?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"That was Temple of Doom, Barry. No wonder we keep losing at trivia night.†This makes the dialogue more about Indiana Jones than the brothers’ age, sneaking in the info so readers can figure it out for themselves.4. Unrealistic smooth-talking and clichà ©sThough you want your dialogue to flow, you don’t want it to flow so smoothly that it sounds fake. Unfortunately, there’s a fine line between enthralling, Sorkin-esque dialogue and unrealistic smooth-talking, so be careful!Saying your dialogue out loud, as we mentioned in rule #8, should help with this problem. It can also be helpful to record dialogue (with the participants’ permission, of course) and study it for natural speech patterns and phrases. Of course, we’re not saying you should include every â€Å"um† and â€Å"er† that people say in real life - only that authentic-sounding written dialogue reflects real life.In a similar vein, you want to watch out for clichà ©s in your dialogue as much as in the rest of your writing. While it’s certainly true that people sometimes speak in clichà ©s (though this is often tongue-in-cheek), if you find yourself writing the phrase â€Å"Are you thinking what I’m thinking?† or â€Å"Shut up and kiss me,† you may need a reality check.For a full roster of dialogue clichà ©s, check out this super-helpful list from Scott Myers.5. Disregarding dialogue entirelyFinally, the last mistake you can make when writing dialogue is†¦ well, not writing it! Circling back to one of the very first points we made in this article, dialogue is a super-important element in almost any story - it provides exposition, indicates personality and character relationships, and may even reveal a major plot twist during the climax. Suffice to say, if your story doesn’t have enough dialogue, it’s not going to have many readers either.We know that writing dialogue can be intimida ting, especially if you don’t have much experience with it. But that should never keep you from including it in your work! Just remember that the more you practice, the better you’ll get. And with the help of the tips and in this article, you should already be a little bit (if not a lot!) closer to writing dialogue that captivates your readers just as much as their real-life conversations. ðŸâ€" £We hope you enjoyed this post on how to write dialogue! If you’d like to learn even more, check out our course on Writing Dialogue That Develops Plot and Character. How to Write Dialogue 10 Simple Rules (Plus 5 Mistakes to Avoid!) How to Write Dialogue: 10 Simple Rules (Plus 5 Mistakes to Avoid!) No matter what your genre, learning how to write dialogue effectively is a vital part of any writer’s education. Poor dialogue can make readers put your book down in disgust - but great dialogue can transform your characters into truly believable people, and your readers into satisfied customers.Of course, the best kind of dialogue isn’t just believable. It also provides exposition, involves distinct language depending on who’s speaking, and - perhaps most crucially - moves the story along. Without dialogue, you’d just have pages and pages of description with barely any character dynamics or interpersonal drama. How boring would that be?Because dialogue is essential to a strong narrative, we want to help you get it exactly right. To that end, we’ve put together this list of rules, examples, and more that will have you writing sparkling conversation in no time! We’ll also cover in detail how to format and punctuate dialogue, for those who a ren’t sure exactly what goes where.If you’re especially curious about formatting, go ahead and skip to #10 using the table of contents on the left - otherwise, let’s jump right in with dialogue rule #1.1. Enter the conversation lateAlfred Hitchcock once said that â€Å"drama is life with all the boring bits cut out.† Comparably, we could say that good dialogue is like a real conversation without all the fluff. And one of the best ways to cut out that boring fluff is to enter the conversation as late as possible.Think about it: few "classic" scenes start with characters going, â€Å"Hey buddy! How are you doing? Wow, long time no see.† This is because people enjoy making inferences based on details in action and speech - and the last thing you want to do is insult their intelligence by spelling everything out for them.For a more tangible taste of this technique, here’s screenwriter Aaron Sorkin talking about the first scene of his Oscar-win ning screenplay for The Social Network:â€Å"We started at 100 miles an hour in the middle of a conversation, and that makes the audience have to run to catch up. The worst crime you can commit with an audience is telling them something they already know. We were always running ahead.†Sorkin's ability to give the audience just the right amount of detail is a huge strength, and something all writers should strive for. So don’t slow down to accommodate your readers - make them catch up to you. id=attachment_19354 style="width: 1047px" class="wp-caption aligncenter">Now that you know exactly what to do when it comes to writing dialogue, let’s talk about what not to do - with these five critical mistakes to avoid.5 dialogue mistakes to avoid1. Too many dialogue tagsAs you may have already gathered, one of the most egregious errors you can make when writing dialogue is using too many dialogue tags. Constantly repeating â€Å"he said,† â€Å"she said,† and so on is boring and repetitive for your readers, as you can see here:â€Å"Hey, how’s it going?† Billy said.â€Å"Not bad,† said Ann. â€Å"Just warming up for the day.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ah. Liquid courage,† said Billy.â€Å"Yeah, those customers aren’t going to yell at themselves,† Ann said.So keep in mind that you can often eschew dialogue tags if you’ve already established the speakers, like so:Billy approached Ann as she was pouring a cup of coffee.  "Hey, how’s it going?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Not bad.† She gestured to the cup. â€Å"Just warming up for the day.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ah. Liquid courage.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah, those customers aren’t going to yell at themselves.†One can tell from the action beats, as well as the fact that it’s a two-person back-and-forth conversation, which lines are Billy’s and which are Ann’s. Dialogue tags just distract from the conversation - although if you did want to use them, â€Å"said† would still be better than fancy tags like â€Å"announced† or â€Å"effused.†2. Lack of structural varietySimilar to the â€Å"too many tags† issue is the lack of structural variety that can sometimes arise in dialogue. Not sure what we’re talking about? Take a look at this:â€Å"This is going terribly. We need a new plan.† Sophie started erasing the blackboard.â€Å"Wait, stop! I have another idea.† Ethan grabbed her hand to stop her.â€Å"Oh yeah? When has that ever helped us before?† She glared at him, uncompromising.â€Å"I mean it this time. I think this could really work.† He grabbed the chalk from the table and began to write.Now, action beats are great, but here they’re used repeatedly in exactly the same way - first the dialogue, then the beat - which looks odd and unnatural on the page. Indeed, any recurrent structure like this (which also includes putting dialogue tags in the same place every time) should be vehemently avoided.Luckily, it’s easy to rework repetitive structure into something much more lively and organic, just by shifting around some of the action beats and tags:â€Å"This is going terribly. We need a new plan.† Sophie started erasing the blackboard.â€Å"Wait, stop!† Ethan shouted, grabbing her hand. â€Å"I have another idea.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh yeah? When has that ever helped us before?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I mean it this time. I think this could really work.†3. Restating the obviousAnother common dialogue mistake is restating the obvious - i.e. information that either the characters themselves or the reader already knows. For example, say you want to introduce two brothers, so you write the following exchange:â€Å"Say, Gary, how long have we been brothers?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thirty-five years, Barry. Ever since Ma gave birth to two bouncing baby boys in ‘84.†This is clearly awkward and a bit ridiculous, as the characters obviously know how old they are. It also insults the reader’s intelligence - even if they didn’t already know that Barry and Gary were thirty-five-year-old brothers, they wouldn’t appreciate being spoon-fed like this.If you wanted to convey the same information in a subtler way, you might write it into a different conversation, like:â€Å"Hey, Gary - Raiders of the Lost of Ark came out in 1984, right? Wasn’t Ma was about to see it when she went into labor with u s?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"That was Temple of Doom, Barry. No wonder we keep losing at trivia night.†This makes the dialogue more about Indiana Jones than the brothers’ age, sneaking in the info so readers can figure it out for themselves.4. Unrealistic smooth-talking and clichà ©sThough you want your dialogue to flow, you don’t want it to flow so smoothly that it sounds fake. Unfortunately, there’s a fine line between enthralling, Sorkin-esque dialogue and unrealistic smooth-talking, so be careful!Saying your dialogue out loud, as we mentioned in rule #8, should help with this problem. It can also be helpful to record dialogue (with the participants’ permission, of course) and study it for natural speech patterns and phrases. Of course, we’re not saying you should include every â€Å"um† and â€Å"er† that people say in real life - only that authentic-sounding written dialogue reflects real life.In a similar vein, you want to watch out for clichà ©s in your dialogue as much as in the rest of your writing. While it’s certainly true that people sometimes speak in clichà ©s (though this is often tongue-in-cheek), if you find yourself writing the phrase â€Å"Are you thinking what I’m thinking?† or â€Å"Shut up and kiss me,† you may need a reality check.For a full roster of dialogue clichà ©s, check out this super-helpful list from Scott Myers.5. Disregarding dialogue entirelyFinally, the last mistake you can make when writing dialogue is†¦ well, not writing it! Circling back to one of the very first points we made in this article, dialogue is a super-important element in almost any story - it provides exposition, indicates personality and character relationships, and may even reveal a major plot twist during the climax. Suffice to say, if your story doesn’t have enough dialogue, it’s not going to have many readers either.We know that writing dialogue can be intimida ting, especially if you don’t have much experience with it. But that should never keep you from including it in your work! Just remember that the more you practice, the better you’ll get. And with the help of the tips and in this article, you should already be a little bit (if not a lot!) closer to writing dialogue that captivates your readers just as much as their real-life conversations. ðŸâ€" £We hope you enjoyed this post on how to write dialogue! If you’d like to learn even more, check out our course on Writing Dialogue That Develops Plot and Character.

America in the 1960s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

America in the 1960s - Essay Example One of the most influential aspects of growing up in the 1950s was the Civil Rights movement. America had experienced the front line news for the first time in its history. There was a daily dissemination of the atrocities that were committed by governmental agencies around the country. These images had a dual role in the molding of the youth of the 1950s. It was able to portray the discrimination against blacks in detail and also able to tell the story of the government's involvement in the anti-movement activities. These were the seeds of the anti-government feeling in the teenagers of the 1960s. Television was able to paint the government with a brush of mistrust as America was shown pictures of blacks facing physical abuse, while it told a story of government infiltration. In fact, "Southern Baptists had resisted federal civil rights legislation not necessarily because they were racists but because they sincerely opposed federal intrusion into families and communities" (Saletan 2 1). This factor was able to develop an anti-government feeling across a wide spectrum of America. The distrust of government went beyond the political and social structure and into the affluence of the age. This affluence resulted in greater education and employment opportunities than at any other period in US history. This access also brought with it a greater freedom of thinking that was exemplified by the multitude of philosophies that flourished during this era. The beat generation of the 1950s had given way to the hippie movement. Hippies have been portrayed as beatniks with an attitude. According to Flexner et al., "If you liked hippies you called them flower children and approved of their flower power and love is slogans; if you hated them you called them beatniks, but it was the word hippies that most people used most often, and beats, hipsters, and hippies had all become one in the public mind". This again was the result of television's need to homogenize a subject and make it understandable to the American public. The end of the 1950s presented America with a view of Maynard G. Krebs in the hit sitcom Dobie Gillis. Krebs was idolized for his seemingly innocuous character that promoted dropping out of employment and mainstream thought. However, young people were being handed a teenage idol that would become the pattern for anti-establishment beliefs and behavior. Other teenage idols came in the forms of Beaver Cleaver, Eddie Haskell, and Andy Griffith. These sitcoms verified in the teenage mind that there was an America that was free from crime and flush with material wealth. However, examining these weekly television shows indicate that they contributed to the disillusionment of America. They portrayed a minority of white Americans who were able to reap the benefits of the post World War II economy. The youth of the 1950s fell into one of two classes; those that were a part of the new America and those that had been left behind.

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business - An Evaluation Assignment - 1

Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business - An Evaluation - Assignment Example From the aforementioned case overview, it can be comprehended that the case is related to contract law. There are certain elements that are identified to be essential for the formulation of a valid contract. The four essential elements that are essential for a valid contract are offered along with acceptance, legal considerations, legal purpose and legal capacity. In this respect, a contract to be valid is required to have the aforementioned factors under consideration. Moreover, the elements of a contract are required to comply with the objective of ensuring that the contract is legally accepted (Marson, 2013). In relation to the case provided, it can be affirmed that Peter has not entered into a legally recognized valid contract, which implies that he is not liable to force the company in selling the product that has been advertised. Thus, Peter cannot force the company to provide the product at the price of ?1. It can also be affirmed relating to the case that the advertisement ma de by the company is just a mere invitation. According to the contract law, the advertisements that make by the companies in relation to a product or service are often related to the notion of ‘invitation to treat’. ‘Invitation to treat’ is identified as an expression along with a willingness to develop or enter into a contract with another individual. Moreover, the invitation should be made with appropriate terms as well as conditions with the objective of ensuring that the offer made by the offeror is accepted by an offeree. Contextually, an ‘invitation to treat’ is not identified as an offer but it is recognized as a preliminary procedure. In this regard, an ‘invitation to treat’ is not a necessary procedure for developing an agreement as the offeror making the ‘invitation to treat’ capable of forming a valid contract. ‘Invitation to treat’ is generally used by businesses to improve sales figures and at tract customers through advertisements and auctions among others (Marson, 2013)