The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality Essay -- Cuba Equality Racism Ess

The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality Presentation During the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, the island of Cuba was rising up out of a Spanish state to an autonomous country. Opportunity from Spain, notwithstanding, was by all account not the only battle that Cuba was encountering as of now. In the wake of having been mistreated by subjugation for a few centuries, Afro-Cubans, who had joined the battle for autonomy in enormous numbers, were requesting balance in Cuban culture. All things considered, whites, particularly in the world class, kept on starting biased practices against them. If all else fails, Afro-Cubans arranged a furnished dissent in light of the prohibiting of their ideological group in 1912. Albeit valiant, the endeavor was in any case a disappointment since it didn't prevail with regards to building up racial equity in Cuba. Or maybe, it heartbreakingly brought about the slaughter of thousands of Afro-Cuban dissenters by Cuban whites. Conversation Similar to the case all through the Americas, white prejudice against blacks and mulattos was profoundly established in Cuban culture. Partiality and victimization Afro-Cubans kept on expanding after the abrogation of subjection in 1886. Whites, especially those in the high societies, saw blacks and mulattos as having a place with a mediocre race that was shameful of similar rights and benefits that they themselves delighted in the public eye. Training, diversion, and work were a portion of the regions where Afro-Cubans endured huge separation. They were frequently denied acknowledgment into non-public schools, given separate facilities in theaters and other amusement foundations, denied assistance by numerous eateries, and were typically unfit to acquire work in proficient and skille... ...test if all else fails to achieve its reclamation. By and by, it brought about disappointment when Afro-Cubans were slaughtered by the thousands. End The slaughter of 1912 showed that there stayed to be seen genuine racial uniformity in Cuba. Despite the fact that the wars of freedom had realized a few upgrades in race relations, for example, the brotherhood shared between the races when battling together against Spain, and the acknowledgment of some Afro-Cubans as exceptional military pioneers, the nation’s dark and mulatto populaces stayed generally at the lower levels of society. Without government officials who might bolster their inclinations, Afro-Cubans would keep on being without equivalent open doors in Cuba. Works Cited Helg, Aline. Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality. House of prayer Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

Childhood Essay Example For Students

Youth Essay We were then Children with only Childhood. We played kiss Tag and suicidewhich Was just a game with Throwing, and running, and Touching the side of theSchool house before the crash Of the ball. You turned into The gossip of a young lady Whomissed secondary school English And dated the young men who Would have, ought to have, willhave Been in prison. They said You battled with your folks And even fled AtChristmastime. I turned into The darling of the secondary School staff with Excellents,Ivy League potential, An opportunity to carry out extraordinary things And late evenings alone in Myroom, stressing if A ninety was An Or a B. What webecame Was companions forever who ran And then strolled exposed on The ridges of MoodyBeach And discussed God and life As we shot our shots of Kamikaze and I Carriedyou out of the Bar with affection. What they saw Was the saver in me And the savee inyou The lost young lady who was in the groove again after the entirety of That waste and even has Ashot a t school now Which implies a unimaginable sum you know. What I see now Isthe young lady who spared me From burning my way through The sky. At very fast speedsTowards oldness and deadness And all the beasts we Fought in youth, who woreties, Breathed fire, and who worked more Than played. What you are currently Isdropped out and free As you plan to label whales Off the shore of Wales or Studythe Earth in New Zealand. In any case, you despite everything slammed Your vehicle twice a week ago On theice of Tatnic Road and I stress. What I am presently Is getting the hang of, accomplishing, Interning. Taking notes, Gaining information, taking a gander At the future and everything I could be, andgrad school, Careers and the amount I could Make and B.A.s and b.s. Also, youworry. As it should be.

Former Prime Minister of Greece, George Papandreou will teach at Columbia SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Former Prime Minister of Greece, George Papandreou will teach at Columbia SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Columbia University and SIPA are honored to welcome numerous international leaders to campus each year.      SIPA welcomes George Papandreou to our community as a SIPA Global Fellow.   Greece today is a living laboratory for some of the key global public policy challenges of our time including economic policy and social policy.   The former Prime Minister George Papandreou will teach a seminar course at SIPA in the spring 2013 semester.   His seminar course will focus on the European financial crises of recent years. George A. Papandreou served as prime minister from October 2009 to November 2011. He was selected as one of Foreign Policy magazine’s Top 100 Global Thinkers in 2010 for “making the best of Greece’s worst year.” He previously held government posts including undersecretary of culture, minister of education, and, from 1999 to 2004, foreign minister. As leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement political party, or PASOK, from January 2004 to March 2012, Papandreou launched radical reforms of the Greek party political system. “George Papandreou has been a leader in challenging times,” said Provost John Coatsworth.   “He brings to Columbia and SIPA a wealth of knowledge and experience from more than 30 years as a policymaker in Greece, as a major participant in the development of the European Union and its evolving institutions, and as a thoughtful commentator on a wide range of global public policy issues.  I am confident his presence will be of great value to our community.”

Best Poetry Writing Apps for Smartphones

Torture A Long And Detailed History - 1214 Words

Water boarding, removal of limbs, drilling holes into the body, electric shock, and crucifixion. All of these are methods of a subject called torture, or the act of which one inflicts physical or psychological pain for purpose of degrading, intimidating, controlling, or getting information (â€Å"Torture†). Throughout history, these have all been reasons for torturing people; however, whether or not torture should still be allowed is a topic of debate. There is a long and detailed history of torture, along with numerous reasons people are tortured today, and survivors face a wide variety of mental and physical effects. The history of torture goes all the way back to the days from the Bible. An example would be the crucifixion of Jesus.†¦show more content†¦For example, many jews were brought to concentration camps during World War Two. There, they were starved, beaten, not given proper living conditions, and then either gassed or burned. In other cases, prisoners of war who get captured get tortured for information about their plans or tactics. Throughout later parts of the twentieth century, and early parts of the twenty first century, torture has continued secretly for many reasons and by many different groups. Several efforts were made to try and put a permanent end to torture. In the early twenty first century, OPCAT (Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture) started a subcommittee on prevention, a body that had the right and obligation to visit states without further consent of a state party to the protocol. In Europe, the government developed a rule stating that all count ries have to be inspected, and each state party must establish its own independent national viewing mechanisms.The legal international prohibition of torture became absolute and unambiguous. However completely getting rid of torture was nearly impossible. Many places wanted to see offenders punished and suffer no matter the means. September 11ths made the problem much worse when the terrorists attacked the twin towers. Many journalists wanted to revisit the absolute ban on torture or inhumane treatment as discussed in previous legal issues after it was

The Wild Swans at Coole by W.B Yeats - 3540 Words

The Wild Swans at Coole The Wild Swans at Coole by W.B Yeats is one of musicality as it is a direct expression of personal feelings, identified as the author’s. The lyrical poem includes three main subjects: setting, serving as a correlative to these feelings, Swans as the trigger, and the poet himself. Written in loosened iambic pentameter and consisting of five six-line stanzas rhymed ‘abcbdd’, the poem’s reflective and melancholic mood reflect the time of the poems first appearance. During the year of 1916, Yeats’ spirits were low and embedded in this poem are the emotions he has towards the rejection, failure, and loneliness experienced throughout his life. Surprisingly, the poem deceives expectancy as it denies the reader the†¦show more content†¦In his third stanza, Yeats openly admits to his loneliness, hinted towards in the previous stanza, and that he is in the autumn of his years whilst the Swans have stayed young and active. It is obvious Yeats envies th e Swans because of this, but as he dotes on them he feels emotional, impacted by the fact everything in Yeats’ life has changed as the past nineteen years that have went by. Yeats most definitely appears more emotional as he declares ‘my heart is sore’. Reminiscent upon the past and witnessing the dramatic changes in his life, there is the sense received by the reader that he has given up. This soon changes as he decides to ‘trod with a lighter tread’ conveying acceptance, happiness, and perhaps more energy and enthusiasm to ‘trod’ his way further on his path of life. Towards the end of the poem, his fourth stanza enhances everything that has evolved so far in the poem. Jealousy of the Swans is due to the passion they engage with each other, passion which he has not yet found, highlighting Yeats’ loneliness at this part of his life. Due to the change over the years this stanza acts as a reflection of Yeats’ discouragement as a poet and lover; as well as reflect on his powers as a poet reducing with age. Expressed by Yeats towards the end of the poem is frustration, as Yeats who has been affected by events does not apply to the Swans whom remain ‘Unwearied’. Isolated, envious,Show MoreRelatedEaster 1916, Wild Swans at Coole and Second Coming, by W.B. Yeats922 Words   |  4 PagesThe timeless essence and the ambivalence in Yeats’ poems urge the reader’s response to relevant themes in society today. This enduring power of Yeats’ poetry, influenced by the Mystic and pagan influences is embedded within the textual integrity drawn from poetic techniques and structure when discussing relevant contextual concerns. â€Å"Wild Swans at Coole†, â€Å"Easter 1916† and â€Å"The Second Coming† encapsulate the romanticism in his early poetry to civil influences and then a modernist approach in theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Song Of Wandering Aengus By William Butler Yeats2050 Words   |  9 PagesYeats: Youthful Desires â€Å"To burn with desire and keep quiet about it is the greatest punishment we can bring on ourselves.† – Federico Garcia Lorca (Blood Wedding) William Butler Yeats was not a man to keep quiet about his passions. He expresses his need for more than just reality throughout his poems, longing for the youthful desires of his heart. Yeats often talks about escaping reality and shifting to a realm of fantasy in which his deepest thoughts are brought forth. He reveals his unrequitedRead MoreYeats Essay2604 Words   |  11 PagesW.B Yeats Essay Write an essay in which you give your reasons for liking/not liking the poetry of W.B Yeats. Support your points by reference to or quotation from, the poems that are on your course. In my opinion and from the sample of his poetry which I have studied, I would say that the poetry of W.B Yeats is very enjoyable to read. The themes of his poems are often easily identified with and his simple style of writing makes his poetry easy to interpret and understand. Although easily engagingRead More W.B. Yeats Poetry Essay2306 Words   |  10 PagesW.B. Yeats Poetry Many literary critics have observed that over the course of W. B. Yeats’ poetic career, readers can perceive a distinct change in the style of his writing. Most notably, he appears to adopt a far more cynical tone in the poems he generated in the later half of his life than in his earlier pastoral works. This somewhat depressing trend is often attributed to the fact that he is simply becoming more conservative and pessimistic in his declining years, but in truth it representsRead MoreEssay on W.B. Yeats and the Importance of Imagination2200 Words   |  9 PagesW.B. Yeats and the Importance of Imagination The poetry of the Irish writer WB Yeats celebrates how the human imagination gives meaning to lifes struggles. Yeatss vision of human creative power evolves with his writing, broadening from seeing the imagination as the embodiment of human desires to understanding the power of the imagination to inspire others and immortalize the creative spirit. Yeatss work, by embracing this power, embraces the human condition itself, giving dignity to hardshipsRead More The Poetry of W.B. Yeats Essay examples2304 Words   |  10 PagesW.B. Yeats, a key figure of the modernist movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, was born in Dublin in 1865. Although spending much of his childhood and youth in London, Yeats is seen as an inherently Irish literary figure. Through his early work, employing not only ancient Greek myth, but also Celtic legend, he sought to re-ignite in Ireland notions of heritage and tradition, which had diminished through the years. In Ireland, from around 1 890 onwards, there was a very noticeableRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in theRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesof Solomon novel Toni Morrison Nights at the Circus ? Angela Carter A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings SS Gabriel Garcia Marquez Satanic Verses novel Salmon Rushdie Portrait of and Artist as a Young Man novel James Joyce Wild Swans at Coole poem William Butler Yeats Birches poem Robert Frost 16. All About Sex North by Northwest movie Alfred Hitchcock Janus SS Ann Beattie Lady Chatterly’s Lover, Women in Love, The Rocking-Horse Winner (SS) novel D.H. Lawrence 17. Except Sex French Lieutenant’s

Acquisition Strategy free essay sample

In today’s market it is very important for company’s to remain competive in order to maintain an edge over its competitors. The days that a company can rely on its reputation to continue making profits are gone. Today, everyone is looking to save money by buying less expensive items like economy brands, considering that the diffrences between the two products are similar and the features that are not offered are of little value. This will make a consumer buy the less expensive item. Like consumers, companies are also looking to save money and maximize profit. One way of doing this is through acquisition strategies. Combining the operations of two companies is a very good option for companies that are looking to stregnthening the company’s competincies and competitiveness, this will ultimately open new market opportunities (Gamble/Thompson, p. 119). The benefit of this type of strategy, unlike alliances, they do not go far enough for the resources needed and a very important factor, ownership. We will write a custom essay sample on Acquisition Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the following paragraphs, I will give two examples of two different companies in different industries and explain how they will stregnthen their market position through acquisiton, to include resources and competive capabilities. The first example I will use it Wells Fargo Co. results from the acquisition of Wachovia Corporation. During the economic crisis Wells Fargo Co. acquired Wachovia Corp in a bail out to keep the bank from going under. At one point Wachovia was Wells Fargo’s competitor. After the acquisiton it made Wells Fargo a banking giant absorbing its competion. Earnings from that acquisition have earned Wells Fargo Financial Co. a 21% earnings since the acquistion, reporting record profits. This acquistion has allowed them to gain market share, this was mostly created by winning new customers. Mortgage loans was the top earner and low rates and prices of homes falling to record lows has allowed the company to grow even in these tough economic times. Additionally, the acquisition of Wacovia Corp. moves Wells Fargo as the second largest bank, second only to Bank of America. The strategy has allowed them to acquire a larger share of the financial market. The second company I will discuss is DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corp. Once a long time partner of DuPont, is a very good and proven company, is a good fit because of their proven market science business and offers clear synergy for them. The acquisition will make them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This effort will position the company ahead of all rivals addressing dramatic growth in human population in the years to come. Danisco is well established company that has research and application capabilities. This will create a more cost efficient operation of the combined companies. The applications do not need to be duplicated, meaning their buying power will increase, administrative functions do not need to be replicated, and will further create more cost savings by downsizing. This acquisition will also allow them to enter new product categories, for example 65% of Danisco’s revenue comes from specialty foods, product substitution items such as sweetners and enablers. This will allow them to enter renewable materials and addressing food needs. In conclusion, I have discussed Wells Fargo Co. , and how their acquisition of Wachovia Corp has allowed the company to gain a larger geographic coverage has helped it create a more cost efficient operation by allowing to cut overhead costs by elliminating duplicate processes. Second, DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corporation has allowed DuPont has made them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel.

Micro economic environment Essay Example

Micro economic environment Paper The economic environment consists of external factors in a business market and the broader economy that can influence a business. You can divide the economic environment into the microeconomic environment, which affects business decision-making such as individual actions of firms and consumers, and the macroeconomic environment, which affects an entire economy and all of its participants. Many economic factors act as external constraints on your business, which means that you have little, if any, control over them. Lets take a look at both of these broad factors in more detail Macroeconomic influences are broad economic factors that either directly or indirectly affect the entire economy and all of its participants, including your business. These factors include such things as: Interest rates Taxes Inflation Currency exchange rates Consumer discretionary income Savings rates Consumer confidence levels unemployment rate Recession Depression Microeconomic factors influence how your business will make decisions. Unlike macroeconomic factors, these factors are far less broad in scope and do not necessarily affect the entire economy as a whole. Microeconomic actors influencing a business include: Market size Demand Us apply Competitors Suppliers Distribution chain such as retailer stores Why Is It Important? The economic environment of business will play a pivotal role in determining the success or failure of a business. Lets first consider some macroeconomic factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Micro economic environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Micro economic environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Micro economic environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If interest rates are too high, the cost of borrowing may not permit a business to expand. On the other hand, if unemployment rate is high, businesses can obtain labor at cheaper costs. However, if unemployment is too high, this may result in a recession and less discretionary consumer pending resulting in insufficient sales to keep the business going. Tax rates will take a chunk of your income and currency exchange rates can either help or hurt the exporting of your products to specific foreign markets. Now, lets turn our attention to microeconomic factors for a bit. Market size may determine the viability of entering into a new market. If a market is too small, there may not be sufficient demand and profit potential. This leads us to the concept of demand and supply. If your product is in high demand but there is low supply of it, you are going to make a tidy profit, but if your product is in low demand and the market is flooded with similar products, you may be facing bankruptcy. The quality and quantity of your competition will affect how well you do in winning customers in the marketplace. Suppliers are the arteries pumping vital supplies and resources to you for production. If you have problems with suppliers, it can clog up those arteries and cause serious problems. Likewise, the type of relationship you have with your distributors, such as retail stores, may influence how quickly your products leave their helves. Summary The environment in which a business operates is very complex and has a great deal of influence on how a business performs and whether it will succeed. Macroeconomic factors influence not only a business but also all participants in an economy and include such things as interest rates, inflation, unemployment rates, taxes, discretionary spending, periods of growth and recession. Microeconomic factors also influence the success or failure of a business and include such things as market size, demand, supply, competitors, suppliers, and distributors.

261 Fitzgerald and Babylon Revisited Professor Ramos Blog

261 Fitzgerald and Babylon Revisited F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 1940) Quick Write There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. Oscar Wilde F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 1940) Babylon Revisited (1931) Babylon Revisited: When the money runs out The Telegraph Book trailer for Babylon Revisited

Cross culture management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cross culture management - Essay Example To cater for the supply in Europe, Africa, and Middle East, Nokia had established plants in Finland, Hungary and Germany. Nokia’s plant in UK produced Vertu. Nokia had mostly located its plants in low cost countries like Mexico, China and India in order to maximize profitability. Nevertheless, a vast majority of workers belonged to Western European countries like Germany and Finland. Despite that, the labor costs in countries like Germany were less than 5 per cent the product cost. Nokia had sales and marketing unit and a devices R & D team in Germany in addition to the production plant. Thus, globalization has encouraged Nokia to move its business totally to the CEE countries where it has to pay simpler and lesser taxes and increase profitability by paying low labor and non-wage labor costs. Ans. 2 Nokia’s plant in Germany accounted for no more than 6 per cent of Nokia’s global supply while the personnel costs matched 23 per cent. The high labor and non-wage lab or costs in Germany were not conducive for the desired profitability of production. Thus, Nokia decided to abolish its plant in Germany. Germany’s backlash upon Nokia was partly justified because of four underlying reasons: 1. Nokia was not going in loss in Bochum. It was making profit that was only increasing year by year. 2.

The Power of Habit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Power of Habit - Essay Example Anything less than perfect is horrible and I can not bear the feeling of being so incompetent for not being able to meet my standards. Committing a mistake is not an option for me. Aiming for perfection is not a bad thing but making a mistake is not the worse either. Perfectionism and Me Setting higher standards is one of the most common things for perfectionists like me. Those who value perfectionism think that having high standards is a good thing. Excellence means strength and failure is something unacceptable. Most of the common thinkings of perfectionism include the "black & white" or sometimes called as "all or nothing" thinking in which "almost" perfect is considered a failure (Scott, "Perfectionist Traits"). There is no space for mistakes ad whenever standards are not met, more often, people like me end up with self pity and will stress ourselves for being weak and stupid. Another kind of thinking perfectionists exhibit is catastrophe thinking which means mistakes create humi liation and disappointment from other people ("How to Overcome Perfectionism, 2). Also known to be common to perfectionism is the "should" statements. For them, everything is a responsibility and must be done respectively. I cannot remember well when exactly did I become a perfectionist. I can only remember that I always strive to be on top and the best among the rest. Striving hard does not necessarily mean only in academic standing. Instead, being perfectionist includes my daily routine and my long term goals. Being a perfectionist, I cannot help but plan my day and my meal. I cannot bear to waste time wondering what to do or what to eat. Thus everyday, I prepare a "to do" list for me to ensure things I should do will be done the way I want it to be. I am not ashamed of being a perfectionist. What makes me hate this part of being me is the fact that I always end up too disappointed whenever I fail to do something in my list and this seem to amuse my family and friends. My family a nd friends always tell me that I overanalyze everything that I forgot to enjoy my life anymore. I hate it when my friends can just make fun and laugh about the some things they messed up while I can't. Making a mistake me feel so stupid and I can't help but blame myself even when replying to emails and text messages. It's harder to stop at this point because I've already got used to it. But my family and friends always encourage me to be light, take things slow and enjoy every moment. As they say, life will never be perfect and being imperfect is what makes us human. Mistakes make a person stronger and better. The Power of Habit and The Habit Loop According to Duhigg (2012), individuals and habits are all different. If we are looking for the correct formula to change habits, then we will never get it because it does not exist. In Duhigg's book entitled The Power of Habit (2012), he identified the habit loop and the framework to identify our habit as well as the formula that out brai n follows why we have habits. The habit loop is constituted by a routine, reward and cue. People can only understand their habit once they know the components of this habit. Routine is the behavior a person want to change. Being a perfectionist by going through planning everything, reviewing and analyzing again and again to avoid mistakes is the routine I want to try to get rid of. Rewards as identified by Duhigg (2012) is the satisfying cravings driving a

Drug Treatments and Courts in US Prisons

Drug Treatments and Courts in US Prisons Drugs such as marijuana and cocaine and amphetamines and heroin together with drug-addiction are correlated to crime in a number of ways. Being a criminal offence to use, to be in possession, to produce, or to dispense these drugs, they are categorized as prohibited. The upshots of usage of drugs, including aggression, including robbery to obtain funds to acquire drugs, including aggression against competitor traffickers, affect the society every day and are criminal effects. A number of treatment alternatives are on hand to tackle inmates requirements and conditions in the correctional system. Drug treatment programs in correctional centres most often than not are successful in averting patients going back to unlawful behaviour, but are unsuccessful most often than not if they are not connected to community-centred programs that continue treatment when the patient leaves prison. The most successful drug treatments programs in prison have diminished the re-arrest rate by 25% to 50% ( Belenko 33). The aim of correctional facilities such as prison is twofold; first, it punishes wrongdoers and secondly it rehabilitates criminals and individuals with deviant behaviour. The French philosopher Michel Foucault argued that punishment has changed over a period from instilling discipline in the body to instilling discipline in the soul. The rehabilitation of convicted criminals is an important facet of the contemporary criminal justice system. The criminal justice system nowadays is working to rehabilitate inmates and the prison rehabilitation programs vary in degrees, type, and form from prison to prison. In the past years, rehabilitation was focused straight at reforming the personality of offenders, its aim now is on averting reoffending. Prison program: Drug treatment In a similar fashion, drug Treatment programs in Prison are designed to rehabilitate drug addicts in prison. For instance, the Delaware Model, a continuing examination of wide-ranging treatment methods for prisoners who are addicted to drug abuse illustrates that prison-based treatment programs, work release therapeutic community, community-based aftercare and therapeutic community surroundings included; cuts the chances of re-arrest by 57 percent and cut the odds of relapsing into drugs by 37 percent. One quality essential for successful programs is progressing, wide-ranging aftercare in the society. This decreases the probability that an addict will be detained and found guilty another time (Thomas 16). History of Drug Treatment: Using drug relates to violent crime (statistic) Statistics show that drug addicts are more prone than nonusers to perpetrate crimes, which arrested criminals, are found often to be under the influence at the time they carried out the offence and that drugs breed violence. It is the weighing up the nature and degree of the effects of drugs on criminal activities that necessitate that dependable information about the crime, and the lawbreaker is accessible and meanings of terms be consistent. In the face of challenging data, it is not possible to establish quantitatively the influence of drug addiction on the happening of crime. Drugs are linked to most criminal activities through the outcomes they have on the addicts actions and by breeding violence and other prohibited goings-on associated with drug trafficking. Drug-related crimes and the drug-using way of life play a key part in the U.S. crime issue. More than 50% of arrested criminals in the US test positive for illicit drugs (Thomas 17). According to the same institute, use of and addiction on drug is strongly associated to robbery and assets crime more than it is to violent offences. A majority of addicts carries out crimes to obtain money to purchase drugs. According to the National Institute of Justice, at least 25% of men who carry out acts of domestic violence have drug problems and that drug-addicted women are more prone to suffering abuse (Thomas 18). The 2004 survey of Inmates in State and Federal penitentiaries found out that 32% of State convicts and 26% of Federal prisoners admitted to having committed the crimes they are serving time for under the influence of drugs. In State prisons, drug offenders and property offenders recorded the highest admission rates for being under the drugs influence when committing a crime at 44% and 39% respectively. In Federal penitentiaries, drug offenders (32%) and violent crimes convicts (24%) reported the highest occurrence of being under drugs influence when they committed their crimes. Efforts to prevent drug abuse using retribution systems do not succeed since these attempts do no tackle the multifaceted basis of drug abuse, which start in the milieu of family issues and deviant conduct. Many go to prison. Few reform in prison. Cause Overcrowding in Prison The vicious cycle of arrest, imprisonment, discharge, and re-arrest is very common. As indicated by various nationwide studies, more than half of the prison population test positive for illegal drugs (Taylor et al. 3-4). The U.S. state and federal prisons and jails hold approximately 1.9 million convicts (Beck and Harrison). This means that the major contribution of the high-prison population in the United States is drug abuse. Most of the inmates are finally released from the prisons to go back to the community. However, about six hundred thousand state and federal convicts are nor returning to prison each year. A majority of those returning are drug addicts; therefore, keeping the cycle rolling. Effectively cutting that cycle and related crime is largely dependent on successfully treating drug-abusing criminals. A number of treatment alternatives are on hand to tackle inmates requirements and conditions in the correctional system. One such alternative program is the Drug Courts program. Drug Courts are judicially administered court dockets that deal with cases of nonviolent drug abusing lawbreakers under the juvenile, family, adult, and tribal justice structures. Drug Courts function under a specific mould in which the courts, prosecutors, defence bar, the police, mental health services, community services, and the treatment services work jointly to assist nonviolent lawbreakers find restoration in healing and turn into productive human beings. The essay analyses how the Drugs Courts program can help reduce the number of ex prisoners who are being sent back to prison each year. It also analysis how the program helps reduce the population in the American prisons. The essay su mmarizes the general workings and usefulness of drug courts all over the country and underlines possible concerns and areas where additional study is required. DRUG COURTS In 1989, Florida officials set up the nations pioneer drug court. This unique court was calculated to entrench drug treatment fully into the prison system and the criminal justice system in general. The courts were established for criminals with a past of drug abuse as a measure for their addiction treatment, while concurrently guaranteeing control, and approval when necessary, from the courts. The movement for a different court to rule on drug offenders come about from the swiftly sprouting truth that the nations resolution to tackle drug abuse by employing law enforcement methods would keep on posing considerable problems for the criminal justice system. In 2004, 53% of prisoners incarcerated in state prison were identified as drug addicts or users, but merely 15% were getting professional help (Mumola and Karberg 7). Drug use and addiction linked criminal activities remain an expensive load to the American society, one that most prison drugs treatment programs have failed to halt. In 2001, the bureau of National Drug Control Policy approximated that in 1998 prohibited use of drug cost the exchequer $31.1 billion in criminal justice costs, $30.1 billion in lost output and $2.9 billion in costs connected to property damage and discrimination (Belenko 2). Ever since 1989, drug courts have increased all over the country. Presently, there are more than 1,500 Drug courts functioning in all states. This drug courts are a reflection of the aspiration to change the stress from trying to battle drug crimes by diminishing drugs supply to tackling the demand for drugs by treating drug craving. Drug courts employ the criminal justice system to tackle addiction by the use of an incorporated set of communal and legal services as an alternative to depending on sanctions through imprisonment or probation. In spite of broad signs of drug court efficiency, more than twenty years after the first Drug court a number of questions linger. Since drug courts are planned and ran at the state level, there are deep-seated disparities that make cross-jurisdictional evaluation hard. While the underlying structure may be similar from one program to the next (a diversion program for particular types of low-level defendants who have shown a connection between thei r drug abuse or addiction and criminal acts), protocols for arbitration, detailed selection standards, ways of control and revocation measures do vary radically. The localism that is the system of drug court design makes efforts to make out best practices very hard. Nonetheless, we can make out explicit elements from diverse drug courts that are significant elements for the success of the program. WORKING OF DRUG COURTS Several elements determine the running of drug courts, albeit with disparity based on setting of the defendant population, legal questions etc. Below are a few elements universal to every drug court. Legal Framework There are commonly two approaches for drug courts i.e. deferred/delayed prosecution and post-adjudication programs. In a delayed prosecution, defendants who that meet some particular eligibility prerequisites are sidetracked to the drug court system before pleading to a charge. Defendants are not obliged to plead guilty, and those who successfully see through the drug court program are not further prosecuted. However, if one does not complete the program, he or she is prosecuted. On the other hand, in the post-adjudication approach, defendants are obliged to plead guilty to their charges but the ruling of their cases is deferred or left pending as they take part in the drug court program. Successful conclusion of the program earns the former user or addict in a waived sentence and occasionally an obliteration of the crime and the charges. However, if one does not successfully meet the standards of the drug court, for example, a routine return of drug abuse or addiction, they will be taken back to the criminal court to face the ruling on the guilty plea. Eligibility Criteria Eligibility standards differ from court to court. However, usually defendants have to be charged with being in possession of drugs or a nonviolent crime and must have positively tested for drugs or have proved drug abuse trouble during arrest (Fluellen and Trone 5). For drug courts that get federal financial support, there is a prerequisite to rule out persons with a present or previous violent crime record. However, this barring, whether by the state or federal rules, has been questioned as to whether it truly serves the interest of public safety as it is claimed to serve. Particularly, the classification of a violent crime at times may refer to merely being in possession of a weapon when one was arrested, even if it was not held, wielded, or put into use. In addition, individuals who are at present facing charges for a drug crime may be disqualified from admission into the drug court program owing to a past crime that is completely unrelated. Programming and Sanctions Programs characteristically run for a period between half and one year. However, some addicts stay longer in the program. Addicts and users must see through the whole program phase to graduate. Successful completion is dependent upon staying free of drugs and arrests for a specific period. Participants have to go to regular status hearings in front of a judge alongside judicial and medical staff who screen the development of every person. Sanctions including more court proceedings, drug tests and short stints in jails are enforced for participants who do not comply at the courts discretion. ADVANTAGES OF DRUG COURTS As noted earlier in this essay, the majority of adults and juveniles who are under arrest for criminal activities test positive for illicit drugs. As such, much of crime is drug or alcohol linked. However, imprisoned drug offenders do not obtain the handling they require, and will probably use drugs yet again and execute another crime once they are out of prison. That is where drug courts need arise. Drug courts present a valuable option that blends justice and drug management. Drug addicts who are taking part in a drug court program undergo rigorous drug abuse management, individual case management, substance testing, administration, and supervision. The participants report to recurrently programmed status hearings in front of a judge who is skilled in the drug court programs. Drug courts offer psychological well being treatment, disturbance and family psychoanalysis, and work skills instruction, which assist in ensuring a long-lasting healing from drug and alcohol dependence. Drug courts programs surpass all other approaches that have been employed with drug-using offenders. Drug abuse and criminal activities are significantly diminished in cases where offenders are put through a drug court program. Since the drug court programs assess offenders for substance abuse frequently, data concerning substance abuse by offenders in a drug court program is accessible on a continual basis. The use of drugs by offenders is reduced considerably or eliminated altogether by drug programs nationally, and this in turns has lowered recidivism amongst graduates. Adult drug court programs considerably decrease crime rates by cutting down re-arrest and conviction rates amongst graduates of drug courts a long time after the programs conclusion. Individuals who have graduated from drug courts are, according to recent appraisals, less expected to be re-arrested than individuals routed through other prison mechanisms. Results from drug court assessments show that involvement in drug courts upshots, in fewer re-arrests and re-convictions, or more extended periods between arrests or relapses. A breakdown of study findings from 76 drug courts established that there is a 10% decline in re-arrest, with pre-adjudication courts occasioning a 13% drop in re-arrest (Aos, Miller and Drake 4) Drug courts are very cost efficient. Several fresh studies have demonstrated that saved costs vary from $3,000 to $12,000 per offender (Belenko, 2005, 45). According to Fluellen and Trone (1), depending on the magnitude of a drug court program, the cost saved in some states goes beyond $7 million annually. Many courts are using the drug court mould to repeal driving under the influence and driving while intoxicated cases. This is being done either by employing selected driving while intoxicated courts or by accommodating offenders into conventional grown-up drug courts. Driving under the influence courts are holding offenders responsible for their actions at the same time as treating the fundamental drug abuse issues and stimulating behavioural transformation. Drug courts have also been very useful to juvenile offenders. Lastly, the drugs courts, in addition to saving cost, frees up the justice system and enables their departments resourcefully apportion criminal justice funds. Personnel and services, hitherto used up by the minor and less severe but prolonged drug cases which are now taken care by the drug court programs, are presently concentrated to other serious cases and to criminals who pose bigger threats to the society security and well being. The caseloads taken up by the drug court programs allow more docket time for the justice systems judges and are therefore, on hand for other criminal and civil matters in various jurisdictions. Previously, these serious criminal and civil cases were relegated to inferior precedence owing to drug related caseload. The programs have also freed jail space, and it is now being used to accommodate serious and dangerous criminals or to guarantee they serve their times. After more than two decades of drug courts operation, various studies show that many drug courts reduce recidivism and save the taxpayers funds. Figures from many studies carried out in more than ninety-five courts expose that former offenders who have graduated from drug courts program are re-arrested less than other prison program groups (Belenko, 44). The decline in re-arrest rates is the main contributor to cost-savings reported for most drug courts (Belenko, 44). CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS Studies up to date have been consistently reporting that that drug courts are accomplishing significant benefits. However, there practices, though mostly unfamiliar, which cause accomplishment or breakdown of a drug court. Of huge interest is the argument that drug courts might be escalating the quantity of individuals under arrest for drug crimes, rather than decrease, in the long term, the quantity of individuals who go through the criminal justice system. Studies have not yet zeroed in on the establishment of whether individuals who are taken through drug courts would have ended up in the criminal justice system and consequently into the conventional prison programs if not for the drug court. The use of drug courts should be used in a large scale to solve the twin problem of drugs and crime and that of overpopulation in our prison system.

Atenolol: The Medication for High Blood Pressure :: essays research papers

Atenolol is a nationally known, commonly used medication that has helped to change the lives of many people in America. Atenolol, also known as Tenormin, is placed in a group of remedies known as beta-blocker. As a Beta-blocker, Atenolol is used to treat a range of bodily disorders in connection with anxiety and tension, such as high blood pressure, angina, irregular heart rhythms, migraines, prevention of a second heart attack, tremors, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety, and glaucoma. The three main malfunctions atenelol is used for are alcohol withdrawal, anxiety disorders, and cardiac disorders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dealing with alcohol withdrawal, Atenolol can be used as an addition to tradition alcohol withdrawal treatment to help make the results more effective. In relation to anxiety disorders, atenolol is usually used in small stress reactions, minor panic disorders, and generalized anxiety syndrome. Results are most easily obtainable in patients who have bodily anxiety, as opposed to the mind, and helps reduce trembling and rapid heart beat. Atenolol also had a large affect on cardiac illnesses. In the most common, angina pectoris, atenolol is used to decrease the amount of repeated attacks and to prevent any immediate death. Atenolol is best effective on middle-aged or teenagers, and to those with high blood pressure and heart rate as a result of exercise. The other major heart sickness is congestive heart failure. Giving Atnolol to a person with congestive heart failure must be taken with much care and precauution. One should start with low doses at first, and as time passes, increase the intake gradually. Overall, it affects the heart and circulatory system to either lessen the effect of or prevent any type of cardiovascular illness that may cause serious and/or permanent damage to the body. But how exactly does the medication work?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let’s begin with the structure. The structure of Atenolol is as follows: its chemical formula is C14H22N2O3, its relative molecular mass is 266.3g, and its chemical name is (RS)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)phenylacetamide. The physical appearance of the drug itself is a white colored powder that is odorless. The way atenolol, as well as other beta-blockers, work, is that they affect the different beta-recptors located within the human body. Every human has a certain number of beta-receptors located throughout the body, in places such as the heart, lungs, brain, etc. When a person takes a dose of atenolol, it reacts with the beta-receptors to either calm anxiety or treat blood pressure, without altering a person’s actions.

The Indian Community

There are different communities around the world serving different purposes. A community tends to affect everyone's life one way or the other by interacting with every individual. Community describes a group of people who have something in common, even though every human is unique. By belonging to the Indian community, I have interacted more with its cultural community, social community, and school community. People all over India belongs to a variety of different communities depending upon their geographic location, values and beliefs, social and recreational interests, history, culture, and language, education and skills, family and race. Apart from the existence of different communities Cultural, Language, Social, and School communities are highly eminent in the Indian community. Culture is an important part of the Indian community. Indian culture has taught me several different things such as how to behave in front of others, how to respect others, how to perform my duties in order, and many other significant guidelines. My culture includes various religious activities such as performing â€Å"Pooja,† a Hindu religion ritual, when somebody bought a new house or for the well being of their family. My sister is also involved in many religious performances like â€Å"Garba,† which is a dance activity done to worship a Hindu goddess â€Å"Amba. † Dance is considered to be a form of art and is of great significance for my family. Certainly, there are several religious festivals in my culture among which the famous one is â€Å"Diwali,† the festival of lights, which is celebrated in honor of Lord Rama on his return to home from exile after fourteen years in jungle. As a child I was always exited to light the firecrackers and eat lots of sweets during the festival of â€Å"Diwali. † Language is also an important constituent of Indian culture since people in Indian community speak several different languages. Hindi, the national language of India, and English are used as the buffer languages by the people of Indian community since they primarily speak their own state languages. My primary language is my state language, Gujarati, then come Hindi, English, Sanskrit, and Spanish, which I learned after coming to United States. In my culture, elders are given the priority of making the decisions in the family and to guide others from their experiences how to make judgments during critical situations. A strong bond of unity prevails in the family, which helps to share joy and sorrow of everyone in the family. Another important aspect of the Indian community is Society. Social community greatly interacts with me in the terms of my relationship towards my relatives, cousins, neighbors, friends, and many others with whom I deal with on a daily basis. Everyone older than me has to be called with a respectful name or a subtitle. I have to go with my family on social visits to my relatives' house on our religious occasions and ceremonies like wedding, birthdays, etc. When we visit someone's house during a New Year day or some special occasions we give them a gift, a box of sweets or usually its money that we offer. There are usually frequent visits from my cousins and friends during the summer time so that we can enjoy our vacation together. For instance, we all would play â€Å"Cricket† in the open fields of the farm in my village and climb up the mango trees to get some raw mangoes. My neighbors around us are very helpful and caring people. A major part in my life and the Indian community is the School community. School community greatly emphasizes on the educational programs than any other programs like athletic, different kinds of clubs, etc. Education is considered as a prestige of the family in the Indian community and highly signifies the family status. My school life in India was the true experience of discipline, manner, and respect for others. Indian schools are strict about the education and so every school enforce rules and regulations of their own. Schools have their own uniforms and guidelines, which every student like me should follow and obey them. My exams were much harder back in my country, India, than they are in United States, in the terms that there were not multiple choice questions, there were mostly essay questions, and in addition to that sometimes we have two final exams in one day. My school life in India is by far the best part of my life that I have ever enjoyed. Thus, Cultural, Language, Social, and School communities in the Indian community are the important aspects of Indian life. The complex nature of these various sub-communities in the Indian community has made them so important that each one can be explored more extensively. As each of these communities is not static, but rather changeable and interdependent on each other. Further more, in-depth analysis of these sub-communities would describe the Indian community as a whole.

Summary Of Short Answer Questions - 1957 Words

Ian Graham Nadler World Lit 12 August 2014 â€Å"Short Answer† Questions for Persepolis 1. In your own words, describe the setting/exposition of the story. The story is about a little girl, Marji, who is growing up in the midst of the Iranian Revolution, also referred to as the Islamic Revolution. This is an extremely volatile time in both her country’s history and her own life. This is displayed on one of the first pages of the story where she tells us that, â€Å"Everywhere in the streets there were demonstrations for and against the veil† (Satrapi 5). During one of these demonstrations her mother is photographed taking part, and she must disguise herself for her own safety (5). It is also a story of self-discovery, as it is the author’s personal memoir. She starts off the story deeply religious, even believing herself to be the last prophet chosen by God (6), and ending the story a free thinker who stands up for the truth by correcting her propagandist teacher (144). 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